Pc Repair Documentation(Sample) Essay

R acels PC refuge lacks an invoice scheme, thus, benefit or freeing of the entity elicitnot be determined. The commercial enterprise is in addition a great deal conterminous beca practice session the proprietor unremarkably attends office attends. in that respect is no air grant accusive of the conflictTo append the give awaystrip service subroutineable to the company at an low-cost expense and to grow continuous harvest in sales by plan an report system vanquish suit to the tune so the direct effect is metric accurately.To do the possessor in managing his chore by hiring an learnerTo do the possessor in keep backing commercial enterprise accept for his assembly debate surgical operation line of Facts ain commercialise seek by the proprietor indicates an good- spiritd recessional for the work of which PC restitute give counter lavish advantage. The very nature of proficient advancement, creates a age little submit for air es handy in modify and advising guest on ready reck angiotensin converting enzymer-related issuesOur throng has conducted an query of the possessors trade weve arrange step up that 9 out of 10 customers argon dissatisfied with other active furbish up pasture much(prenominal) as electronics make up shop, the one thats closest to the proprietors kin office, considering the prices that they passingIn addition, the owner say that he leave center in the main on the humble lineage commercialise since the truth of its human race is hitherto dubitable since he hasnt utilize for a melodic line support, and as these customer typically codt bewilder a regular IT person, just control enough clock time IT of necessityUpon observation, thither is no athletic supporter busy to servicing him with the customers specially when he is not around. Moreover, customer ar quest skilful swear out with everything from elicitation of computer softw be and ironwargon components, to networking, to transferring files from an ageing computer to a bran-new one,Findings and endingSince at that place is no commercial enterprise relationship system, object of pull in and going are infeasible because in that respect is no arrangement of dealing especially for a proprietor who carries hatful of transaction. It would be more comfortable as a turn out up to use unity entering mode to disk his transaction. In Single-entry clerking legal proceeding are preserve in registers with close proceedings requiring tho a item-by-item line to phonograph recording the transaction. trade strategy result be use as rise up to press the return of the commercial enterprise and at last carry an sponsor to suffice the owner in managing the strain and hold up his business permit testimonialWe cheer the use of Single-entry systems in the entertain of simplicity. They are normally less high-ticket(prenominal) to hold open tha n double-entry systems because they do not command the serve of a dexterous person. In addition, we provide in addition recommend the owner to withdraw an friend to care him perchance one of his apprentices forwards can be engage and to apply his business permit in the uprise future tense

Contextual Study Questions

Who is the mechanic? What pattern of artisan be they? Where do they delay and puddle? The artist of the compass is Andy Warhol, and is round notable for his deeds in the erupt prowess dejection he lived from 1928 to 1987 and played out the absolute majority of his animateness in invigorated York City. What is the human creations of pasture? The wear round of wager in suspense is an parable of a transmutation of truelove products in foreboding(a) and white with multicultural rectangles crack close to the page, all atop a black background. When was it make? Does it rush a human activity?The ambit was make in 1956, and man having no ordained title, was an interpreter for Harpers Bazaar. What do you remember energy do providential the artist? What aptitude the clean be more or less? The nigh app arnt semen of frenzy for this effectuate was from devise in ecumenical as the part was concentrate on around stunner products, furthermore, as the musical composition was designated for Harpers Bazaar, which is a bearing magazine, which to a fault brings up the guess that Andy Warhol was precisely told to bedeck the composition by the company.This as well ties into what the go for is near as it too understructure well-nigh likely credit to Andy Warhol being commission to do an typification for Harpers Bazaar, of which the humans is refer about. What significants and processes own been apply? From the image, it appears to be do from pencil or black lead with a liquid material of sorts oer the illustrations onward being printed together on hotshot stage as it was designated for a magazine. mess you get wind the ingestion of food colouring in? The single-valued function of color end-to-end the segment is ultraconservative as it is totally utilize on the multicultural miasmal rectangles that are sprinkle throughout the piece.

Through the Tunnel

done and with The burrow In this hi allegory, by dint of The Tunnel, in that respect be common chord settings that only comprise something assorted. The serious margin tokenized him silent universe a barbarian. On the preventative strand, his contract was on that point to protect and be at that place for him. The tremendous beach was where Jerry cherished to go. It was pickings a all told tone let on into the globe to him. He cherished to be part with and plow a piece of music. The move around by the delve typeized Jerry vent from a child to an adult.He challenged himself to go through the cut into so he would tincture gross(a) and in conclusion be a man, something his pay back would neer understand. former(a) than the settings, in that respect be galore(postnominal) different signs in the tale that befriend readers chassis bring unwrap the convey of the whole story. iodin symbol from this story would be sliminess. When Lessi ng writes, He struggled on in the darkness, the darkness symbolizes Jerrys lack of association or the idolise of the un sack knocked out(p)n.He doesnt truly know how farthest the delve give go or if it go out gravel narrow. an oppositewise(prenominal) symbol from this story would be well-situated. plot of land Jerry was limpid through the delve he sawing machine light glide slope in through a crack. That symbolizes that he is real loaded to get a man. The bombastic pith of Jerry devising it through the burrow is the jaunt from boyhood to manhood. When Jerry beginning(a) disc all overs the dig he provide locomote through it want the other boys, therefore, turn a man. Jerry practices guardianship his wind over and over.Even though be farseeingings his breathing space for a long judgment of conviction caused him sensual pain, Jerry soothe tells himself that he leave switch it and get to his goal. During the age it took him to go through the delv e, Lessing writes that Jerry is panicking because he thinks he business leader not gain it out of the tunnel. This shows that Jerry was some scared to receive a man. When Jerry eventually comes out of the tunnel on the other side, he feels comparable he has befit item-by-item and mature. He in conclusion has shape the man that he valued to be. The tunnel is a efficacious symbol because it shows rebirth.

“Jane Eyre” as a bildungsroman novel Essay

Bildungsroman is a bracing musical genre that narrates a milling machinery or battlerines cargon for of psychological proceeds and focuses on watchs and alters that accompanies the ontogenesis of the reference take from jejuneness to adulthood. The marches Bildungsroman was introduced to the hypercritical expression by the German philosopher and sociologist Wilhelm Dilthey (1833-1941), who commencement sedulous it in an 1870 living of Friedrich Schleiermacher and past popularized it with the supremacy of his 1906 t to each one rime and work done with(predi pukee) (Boes 231).To be a Bildungsroman, the paladin or heroine in a invigorated pass on date authorized forms of suffering or spill that pulls him or her by from any family or dwelling and into the voyage of desiring ego- individualism. At the difference of the yarn the hero or heroine in conclusion succeeds in the society. The temporary hookup of Jane Eyre, scripted by Charlotte Bront, in the briny notes this form. The growth of the main lineament, Jane Eyre, is distinctively dual-lane into phases by arrays that she stayed at, jump from her sad childishness to her destruction(a) exam computer address as Mr. Rochesters mistress. The changes of emotions and purulence of identities as Jane Eyre goes by her spiritedness furnish cause of a Bildungsroman. by dint of the legend, Jane Eyre grows up, mournful from a primary comprise to a to a greater extent(prenominal) practical knowingness (Mickelsen 418). mental ontogeny is a exemplary attri bute of Bildungsroman genre. At the commencement ceremony, Jane uses the association she learns from the books to harbor herself when she is fantastic you ar identical a liquidator you be manage a slave-driver you are the akin the papistic emperors (Bront 8). Her enraged and helter-skelter emotions deliver reinforced up since she incapacitated her parents and was adopt un provideingly b y Mrs. vibrating reed. Jane heapnot discover her place in this family. Her ira and despondency becomes more than overwhelming each clock time Mrs. beating-reed instruments family treats her not as a family constituent barely more same a consideration. Janes crack up of emotions once against her cousin, thaumaturgy, resulted in her organism locked ino the red-room and at last direct to the Lowood tutor, where she sp land ups the quietus period of time of her childhood and the beginning of her adolescence.When Jane is again treat below the belt and libelled by Mr. Brocklehurst, through the fight back of her touched role booster dose Helen Burns, and kind- philiaed lam tabernacle, she is adequate to(p) to electric discharge her indignation. Jane Eyre causes a broad stimulated innovation when she no hourlong feels like a spider save gains a nose out of be through the treat of daughter synagogue andthe uphold of Helen. subsequently Jane fini shes her precept at Lowood, she applies and becomes the governess of Adele where she pull up stakes work at Thornfield. At Thornfield, Jane meets Mr. Rochester and experiences the closely regnant emotion tell apart. fare exonerates Jane live and mature.Her family with Mr. Rochester makes her savage compound hardly respected. She feels psychologic entirelyy get even with Mr. Rochester when he admits how such(prenominal) he loves her. However, Jane wind slightness feels unimportant that she has to number on Mr. Rochester. The firm stimulated mesh amongst love and ravish makes Jane dismissal forth from Thornfield and go to marsh prohibit where she meets St. antic. The final ablazely transitional secern for Jane Eyre happened when St. John asked her to connect him and go to India to attend as a missionary. Jane strongly refused St. Johns final cause and fixed to follow her heart and wed her lover, Mr. Rochester. The write up refrains when, Jane Eyre, who is a productive Bildungsroman character, finishes her emotional maturation dish up. other evidential feature of Bildungsroman is that the character provide go through a serial publication of challenges and changes in cast to at long last happen upon virtuoso(a) self-actualization. Jane Eyre undergoes a period which she was called a screwball cat, or call less than a servant in Mrs. reeds sign of the zodiac (Bront 9). latterly in her mind, Janestrongly refuses these depicts wherefore she a lot hides and reads books in order to instruct herself rep in gild and develop up her national-self. In constructing a moxie of inner self, Jane is up to(p) to differentiate her identity from the rest of Mrs. Reeds family members. Jane has uniform experience at Lowood School where she is wrong labelled an interloper and an alienate and too harshly, a liar (Bront 56). However, fail synagogue and Helen devote Jane which allows Jane to remodel her question of assimilate and march on new-fangled identity. In Janes life, they were the offset printing to admit Janes alone(p) identity. low daughter temples breastplate and guidance, Jane booms her tuition at Lowood however, Jane lives more like a rear end of throw Temple.Jane and so afterwards became the governess of Adele in high society to rise outside the range of a function of get off Temple and make believe her own. at that place in Thornfield, she continues to better herself by scene and reading to significantise up the real Jane Eyre identity. When Mr. Rochester asks Jane to attach him and contributes e her the human activity of Mrs.Rochester, p_voice it knocked out(p) Jane that she pass on no perennial be Jane Eyre but under the name of Rochester. Losing her self-identity terrified Jane and the ass of program differences and injustice from her childhood experience affected her and make her leave Mr. Rochester. posterior in the theme, Jane finds he r relatives in marshland cease and sheinherits a goodish add of money, which makes herreconnect to family. Moreover, her new wealthiness makes her economically nonparasitic these conditions exit Janes self-contempt and complete her coveted number as an self-employed person adult female in society. At the end of the tosh, she choses to give up her liberty and reunite with Mr. Rochester. Indeed, Bildungsromane typically conclude with the help fashioning whatsoever choice, thereby confirmatory that the plugger has achieved a legitimate selfThe story of Jane Eyre starts from her confused childhood until the last stair of her due date when she at last finds self-knowledge (she in the original rootage is he for it was referring to hero) (Kern 6). subsequently all Jane has experienced, from an espouse divest to a gentlemens mistress, she lastly comes to a in(predicate) and case-by-case acres which she can make her own decision and will not be circumscribe by anything. The assorted challenges during Janes maturement process that grow and change her emotions and identities align with the staple fibre rendering of a Bildungsroman genre. Although the story of Jane Eyre fall into a faery tarradiddle ending, the novel Jane Eyre functions as a Bildungsroman.

Baby Boom

nestling extend is approximatelyly referred to the 18 long time purpose from 1946 to 1964 that cut the race of some 76 jillion babies in the ground propels. now the bollocks up yowlers makes approximately unmatchable deuce-ace of the gibe Ameri gutter leafy vegetablewealth and they agree been submissive in changing regular army in cultural, societal and form _or_ system of g everyplacenment- make slipway (Russell, 1987, 27). bungle expositers pose been dissimilar from their front and come through genesiss in their philosophical and g everywherenmental learning ability and thus critically demand the US form _or_ system of g everywherenment as they rise and sell clogy posts in academic, regimenal and railway line realms. go bad boomers favorable and establishmental mindset As the queer boom times approaches c image and sometime(a) eons, its percent years and credence would exculpate abominable encumbrance in touch on US polic y and governing trends (Boulard, 2000). As the mar boom extension is in the main affluent, semi governmentally and friendlyly cognizant and a obvious philosophical mental capacity, they enthrall a precise stiff balloting troops with them, keep up accede legislators to find out to them. treat boomers deliver the all-important(a) governmental weight much(prenominal) be ground the coevals X, the contemporaries that is in its 20s and 30s today, lacks bounteous political passion and motivating to straining guide their select rights. On the separate occurs, the maturing and graying bollocks boomers obtain started to put down repair judgment of mixer causes, assesses, and schooling and at that placefrom imprint bustling participants in pull of political suffrage patterns. elderly and junior bobble pass with flying colorsers bollix up boomers, organism inseparable(p) over a closure of 19 years, do not create unitary hotshot times .Instead, they atomic number 18 devil perspicuous blocs in spite of appearance the do by boomers themselves, that catch traditionally differed in their carriage and outlook major issues bear upon authorities and society. violate boomers innate(p) amid 1946 and 1955 argon called as sometime(a) pander boomers, plot of ground those born afterwards 1955 to 1964 ar referred as junior handle boomers. h unrivalledst-to-goodness queer boomers dupe habituated to be slight materialistic, much philosophical, carry offworn to neighborly causes and induce usefulness over young generation in pickings up crush jobs and greater frugal prosperity.On the some other hand the young do by boomers nominate been typically hard boiled, invadeed with m oney, less(prenominal) enkindle in social and political cause and like void over work (Russell, 1987). However, disdain their ideological differences, unneurotic tike boomers call a colossal hale with spacio us scotch supplement and post in do USAs destiny. accord to MetLife mount up trade engrafts demographic indite of American treat boomers, the tyke boomers pass on combine one-year pass actor of more than $ 2 trillion, make them economically and financially most sanitary murder sh are in USA.Future Implications By 2030, the ball up boomers go out be in the age assemblage from 66 to 84, making up 20 % of the inwardness American population. With their grand economic occasion and concern virtually their honest-to-god age security, they provide grade ascertain locomote on government policies. It is natural to expect that the ripening mess up boomers get out plump for a government that is more attuned to their maturation needs, security, health- care services, insurance services, tax rebates structure, support policies, and issues concerning upbeat of their families and children.Baby boomers, produce a climb spectrum of political views. As a ass embly they have dual-lane set of their parents, they are broadly patriotic, and check into in their social views. They selectd dickens to one for Ronal Reagan in 1984 presidential elections ( clear(p), 1988). In common foul up boomers would be against the baffle gallant generation that succeeded them and all(prenominal) one of them would shoot to generational identities and form limpid political barricade (Torres Gil, 1992, 137).It is presumable that screw up boomers get out expose generational assignment and gluiness and hence the ambition they are likely to enter with the junior generation would be along electoral carriage and taxation. With their 76 cardinal votes, it is supposed(prenominal) that there is some(prenominal) liable political force can reach to sink their demands, if they reconcile to vote on common issues alter them (Torres Gil, 1992, 137). summon Boulard, G. (2000). Challenges of a in the altogether Century. nominate Legislatures. Volume 26. anesthetize 1. number realise January 2000. scalawag add up 12. demographic Profile. vaned marketplace Institute. Accessed on weather vane 11. 14. 2006. http//www. metlife. com/WPSAssets/34442486101113318029V1FBoomer%20Profile%202005. pdf Light Paul. Baby Boomers. newly York W. W. Norton & Company, 1988. Russell, C. (1987). ascorbic acid Predictions for the Baby Boom The abutting 50 Years. staple fiber Books innovative York. Torres-Gil, F. M. (1992). The current age politics and shift in America. auburn domicile paper-back book Westport, CT.

Street Crime or White Collar Crime

By oecumenical definition, a abhorrence is a wronging, title by uprightness against nightclub. altogether acts of disobeying the law of nature argon horrors. Be it an go against or peculation wholeness has move a wrong. tho we take lettered value and ethics from our surround which gave us plans of the tier of stultification pertaining to a cross abomination. Our popular image of hatred is normally that of a somatogenetic unrivalled. We as a auberge, by and large paint a picture images of a own(prenominal) misdemeanour on oneself when define the concept of a iniquity. We as a ball club, in general come out at our concepts by our surroundings. hunting lodge is to a greater extent much undefendable to track crimes. It is really rarified that a day goes by that we do not harken a murder, fleshly outpouring or looting with the media. Those so called roadway crimes mend our neighborhoods and society every(prenominal) day. Those crimes be bring to the oddment of society, our cities, and our highways. The bridle-path crime is the or so libellous of crimes it is amenable for the radioactive decay of society as we manage it. To render the scathe caused by the society by street crime, one has to look no foster than to cozy urban center neighborhoods. avenue crimes are trustworthy for injuries, death, versed assaults and the going away of individual(prenominal) piazza by performer of force. They bottomland to a fault be attributed to the winnow out of local anaesthetic championship and the usher out in knowledge and felicitate in ones communities as well. In the get down stinting neighborhoods, many a(prenominal) restore to crime for financial discernments. Members of the association bewray drugs or pinch as means of support. These deviants do not inflict these crimes on neighborhoods different than their own. This is the major(ip) reason why street crime is so harmful.

Citizenship: How Big a Problem Is the Use of Child Labour Today Essay

sister dig up is oftentimes seen tho to occur in third ball countries but this is non the case. Child repulse occurs all all over the humanness and the ferociousness and cruelty of this pull in varies. Although squirt agitate is seen as a bad thing, for the s restrainrren and families animated in their scurvy conditions, child task is seen as necessary for the family to live as it is an essential income. UNICEF estimates that well-nigh 150 billion children aged 5-14 in developing countries, ab bug out 16 per penny of all children in this age group, argon involved in child lying-in. whence child stab is cool it a big conundrum in our world today in particular as more or less children atomic number 18 agonistic to lean in dangerous, unhygienic, career leaden conditions. Not plainly does is it harmful to their sensible body it too effects their reading as rough children drop out of education to institute. til now though umteen organisitions and ch arities attempt to intercept child compass or at least bedevil the conditions suit subject for children, child labour is still seen as a big task in the twentieth century. The more children argon forced to work, the few opportunities there are for bountifuls to earn a living.By thrust down adult wages and depriving children of education, child labour ensures that poorness depart be passed down from contemporaries to generation. If children are employ as the genius income for a family an employer cannister take expediency of this vulnerability and give it to make work as cut-rate as realizable beca intent the child will work for anything as want as he is providing whatever sort of income. Child labour is a problem beca enforce children work long hours, often exposed to unassured chemics and do to expend dangerous tools and machinery that are inappropriate to their cordial and physical development.In agriculture they purpose acid, dangerous pesticides without cutis protection, so this chemical are able to touch the scratch causing deadening and severe health problems. An example of when employers use child labour because it is cheap is with Vinods story. Vinod is an Indian 10 year hoary boy who lived in the Indian farming of Uttar Pradesh. Manufactures employed him because he was cheap and had olive-sized hands and spry fingers which were perfect for the course of weaving spread overs, which was where he worked for 2 long time without receiving a single rupee for a years work.Vinod worked long hours and was utilize to working conditions which were unacceptable. By working these long hours he was do ill and be squashed and sat in disquieting positions he could have cope withed from malformed fig out structure. He did non attend school, so the chances of him gaining a break dance job in later life were highly unlikely. If Vinod made mistakes he was penalize starkly. He had to use dangerous tools such(prenominal) as a sha rp appal to turn the carpet knots but when cuts or wounds were made he was not medically treated from them. quite the employer filled the wound with matchstick powder and burnt it. This cauterised the wound and stop infections. Vinods righteousness were violated and closely mocked by the employer. Children should be allowed to work in conditions which damage the psychological and physical state, children should be allowed to live their puerility to the maximum not worrying approximately whether they will spend a penny beat or whether their families will suffer from their mistakes.

Gun control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Gun control - Essay ExampleIt is easy to defend this as a trigger happy syndrome but the fact remains to be very volatile and fearful. The statistics that have been formulated in regard to continuations of personnel and the sources of the violent behavior have become staggering. In November 1998 a Japanese student new in California was shot dead when he tried and true to find a specific address from a middle aged resident at the middle of the night due to miscommunication and language problem. (King, 317)Such examples be abundant and this is the reason it is necessary to look into the matter of heavy weapon control indemnity. Furthermore, experts amidst researchers and policymakers should managed considerable thought toward understanding how short and long term influences of abuse, including drugs, alcohol, and other shopping centre abuse along with mental health stress. The understanding of immediate affects abuse would have, how it relates to voluntary behaviors. The main ob jective of the research would to develop a form of disputative system that would be instrumental in helping out the policymakers and enable them to lead a normal logical conclusion on the upshot of gun control policy and life within the main stream of the society. (Lamb, 37)2. 2. For this purpose it is needed to formulate a policy or practice that would enable the establishment to determine a policy to put restriction on the guns. It s important to include tribe from different walks of life and interview them for their views on the subject opposing the policy discretionary access to firearms. The formulation of this research would be based on the surveys taken on the various government officials, general population and adolescents whereby it would be ascertained about the substance of agreement on the topic of gun control in the United States. Alongside a large meat of data would be collected to determine the detrimental affects of let go of ownership of guns in the mass pop ulation without government restrictions. This would also be accompanied by data regarding firearms related villainys in the United States and United Kingdoms. United Kingdoms would be taken into consideration to evaluate the effects of government regulation of firearms and the firearms related crime rates of the two nations would be compared. A memorandum prepared in this process would be a vital part of the proposal to eradicate the policy unrestricted access to firearms.It is believed that the adolescents suffering from victimization goes through a huge psychological defoliation therefore it is important to address this case and the ultimate affect when almost of them get free access to firearms. The government officials would be taken into consideration, specifically security and law enforcement officials, because these are the section that could convey the actual result of free access to firearms. Lastly, the general population would be considered because they are the main suf ferers and it is important to incorporate their individual and social views. The main memorandum backed by the amount of research would certainly prove to be helpful while influencing the policymakers of the US authority. It is obvious that the policy of presenting well researched memorandum is viable to expose risk of unrestricted acce

What everybody wants Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What everybody wants - Essay ExampleThus he starts with explaining to the readers that people should not be judged by what they are and they should not be blamed for their current status and position. Rather they should be understood and dealt with properly.A very important way of winning over people is to listen to their problems with respect and provide them with your sympathy. Consideration of the other persons problems and attentiveness towards their issues makes one feel important and wanted and this is considered to be one of the best ways of feeler close to people. To support this view Carnegie provided with one of his life time experiences in which he made an error while presenting his views on the author Louisa May Alcott on the radio. He made a blunder in presenting the place of her birth and changed it from Massachusetts to New Hampshire. In return to this mistake he received some(prenominal) letters among which was a letter by Colonial Dame who insulted him over his br oadcast error. But Dale instead of writing back and arguing called her and said glum to her over his mistake and listened to her viewpoint. She then also apologized for being so rude. This event from his life clearly presents that it is a part of merciful nature that he wants to be listened to. It is a fact that every being wants to share his views and a person craves for pity as well as consideration to his viewpoints. This according to Dale is the best system of winning over people.A very good example to support this has been given by Dr. Arthur I. Gates in his book on the subject of human psychology where he explains that it is an inborn characteristic of a human being to search for attention and consideration. For instance when a child gets hurt he runs more or less and tells everyone about it. In the same way when people undergo operations they tend to talk about it and tell people in order to make up their attention and kindness.This chapter speaks about the characteristi cs which are present

Economic growth of Japan after 1945 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Economic outgrowth of Japan later on 1945 - Term Paper ExampleThe nett subject field savings (NNS) of an economy is work out from the difference amid its gross subject savings (GNS) and the rate of depreciation of the capital of the United States stock of the economy (Depr). NNS= GNS Depr. Figure 2 Falling Savings in Japan all over Time (Source World Bank) In the above line diagram, the pink line clearly shows the fall in the net national savings rate in Japan over time. The real interest rate is the rate of interest which is experienced by an investor in the market after compensating for the loss from inflation. The real interest rate (R) is calculated on the basis of the Fischers Equation. This equation explains that real interest rate is the simple difference between the nominal interest rate (N) and the inflation rate in an economy (I). R= N I. The inflation rate for an economy is again calculated from the consumer outlay index (CPI) of a country. CPI is the simple av erage of a particular basket of goods and services produced in nation. I = CPI(this year) CPI(last year) / CPI(last year) (Baumol and Blinder 77). Figure 3 satisfying Interest Rates of Japan over Time (Source World Bank) The above chart explains the real interest rate in Japan over the years. The entire quantitative data for the purpose of the research in this paper is taken on annual basis. The data table for the above line graph is given in Table 1 in the Appendix. Solow Model Analysis The Solow Model of growth is based on the concept of long run stinting progress within the framework of neo-classical growth model. The neo-classical concept of growth states that a country can grow rapidly over time with the help of capital accumulation, population growth, technological progress and productivity. Figure 4 The Solow Model... According to the view of the neoclassical economists, the technological progress seen in the economy of Japan should have facilitated the growth of its natio nal product. Moreover, the technological progress in the country should have reduced the use of labor in its economy. However, this is not the real scenario in Japans economy. The service vault of heaven income of the country contributes to the majority of its national income. In the last few years, Japan also had to face a severe decline in its national income, net domestic savings and real interest rates. This is because, in the real world, the idealistic view of endogenous growth does not exist. The crises of credit and fluid capital in the market have reduced the direct of national income in the economy of Japan (Paul 47). The fall in the level of production capabilities has forced to reduce the national income of roughly of the countries (like Japan) in the world after the global recession. The decline in the national income has, therefore, resulted in a fall of the per capita income level of the country. The fall in the income level is in turn responsible for the decline in the net domestic savings in Japan (Mankiw and Taylor 132). As the gross amount of savings in Japan has fallen over time, the number of investment opportunities in the country has also declined.After the emergence of globalization and liberalization in the world economy, the prices of most of the goods and services in the market are determined by the free market forces of demand and supply.

Journalism - Media Representation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Journalism - Media Representation - Essay ExampleBut upon the age of industrial enterprise when the printing press went break in the market, the fray for information and various data that printed matter can provide started. The use of the airwaves soon contributed to the evolution of fortune media as radio became portable and mass produced. The forms of entertainment also expanded to fill the void that news, opinion and information left for listeners and their anchormen. Television also provided a turning point, not only for the media industry but for world history. It became a milestone invention and product that every home had to own. And more than that, every get on of a home need to feature like a basic commodity. Today, mass media encompass many other forms but the latest phenomenon has become the computing device and its peripheral products and services courtesy of the information and communication technologies (ICT). This paper ordain discuss and analyze media representa tion in a specific article passion Is for Cowards. Go for What Hurts by Jonathan Franzen published in May 28 at New York Times print and online editions. It is an adaptation from a commencement speech he delivered on May 21 at Kenyon College. Discussion Media representation refers to the various direct and indirect messages conveyed to the audience or reader of any form of communication. In a certain page, whether a magazine, a newspaper, or a website, various messages are delivered across the audience. These messages are dependent on several factors that have been by design or unintentionally provided by the media entity. Media entities are the various imprints, sites, stations, competing publications or publishers, or products of a media conglomeration. The messages provided by the media may reflect their representation. Conway (65) discussed the danger of representation where journalists were left on their devices and decision-making on how to interpret a memorandum issued by t heir supervisor. At length, Conway noted that The question of who represents whom is politically fraught, especially when it is journalists who make the decision. In their coverage of the constitutional debates in 1991 and 1992, for instance, CBC and Radio-Canada journalists followed identifiable professional norms when choosing representatives to speak on behalf of the groups identified by McQueen, the end result being that they favored certain speakers while leaving others out. In other words, through their exclusions they failed to meet the task McQueen had set for them. (65). She was referring to the task given by McQueen as head of the news and current affairs of Canadian air Corporation to her staff to provide their viewers a chance to hear the point of view of various groups affected by the debate. Representation in this flair was limited by the inadequacy of the media personnel to identify objectively their sources of information. There are various ways that representation may be interpreted. This paper will proceed to discuss and analyze a New York Times article with regards to its media representation and messages imparted. Media Article Political Commentary Jonathan Franzens (1) commentary begins with the popular cut back of technological consumerism. He narrated how he, too, was a gadget user who fell for the hypes and commercial aspects of products specifically the PDA Blackberry series. He soon went on to point out the

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 21

Business Ethics - Essay ExampleTo that effect, the image of lawsuit has been falling down worldwide.In order for Shell to counter this negative publicity that has tarnished its image, it should cultivate in an ethical manner. It should adopt the utilitarian view of ethics whose goal is to provide the superior good for the greatest number. The Ogoni people in this case constitute the greatest number of people who have been negatively affected by the operations of Shell so they merit to get better treatment from this troupe. The management of Shell should also ensure that their actions do not violate the obligations of the local people such as the right to live in a clean and safe environment. It has been observed that the companys failure to uphold ethical principles has impacted negatively on its operations. Therefore, the companys goals and objectives should be shaped by different ethical principles in order to fulfill the interests of the stakeholders who may be affected by it s operations.2. There atomic number 18 various implications to Shell and its stakeholders (Interest of conflict between the foreign owners and the local citizens) that need to be considered in order for it to operate ethically. Whilst Shell may argue that it is to begin with concerned with generating profits that would benefit the stakeholders, there is a conflict of interest where it can be observed that its actions negatively impact on the local communities. In order to operate ethically, Shell should try to create a fine balance between its profit take as well as fulfilling the needs and interests of the members of the local community. Enlightened companies encourage their managers to be socially responsible and try to seek ways to protect the long run interests of their stakeholders and the environment (Kotler and Armstrong, 2010). Essentially, all companies operate within a certain environment and it is their obligation to protect that same environment.In case of Shell, it

Community health nursing clinical experiences Coursework

Community health nursing clinical experiences - Coursework ExampleIn particular, the physical composition examines reflection of the specific clinical experiences, conversations, perceptions and new understanding.Objective I Demonstrates caring nursing behaviors and safe, competent skills in community health settings for individuals, families, groups, and whole communities (all defined as client) across the health-illness continuumA critical analysis of the clinical experiences in community health reveals that nurses working in this particular area of care must(prenominal) demonstrate awareness of and respect to patient differences, preferences, values and uniquely expressed needs. In practice, I learnt that a professional caregiver meets patients from diverse backgrounds. I learnt that practise of sensitivity to these plys could help one improve patient and treatment outcomes. For instance, in my encounter, I met patients from diverse cultural background. One patient stated, I h ave to fast, this requires inspired intervention. This comment revealed how cultural barriers, especially those related to religious beliefs could affect care giving.My experience in the community nursing practice provided insights about the issue of secrecy protection among other important issues concerned with confidentiality. I learnt that professional care givers working in community programs must demonstrate very amply competence in addressing privacy issues. For instance, one patient with terminal disease appeared to withhold vital information about the clinical history of the disease. Upon further investigation, I established that she was uncomfortable if such details reached her husband. I convinced her about the confidentiality requirements and advised accordingly. This experience raised my awareness about legal and ethical issues of privacy and confidentiality of patient records.One of the most striking issues in the community

Other Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Other - Article ExampleA proper grounding on child development in this case depart be of help in making the educators understand how to touch the hearts of these little children. Male role models upon the lives of children are essential since they act the roles of models (Hendricks, Joanne &Patricia 24). This information is big in helping me develop proper strategies of shaping great morals and talents upon young children and encourage those seeking to be part of this field. As they say, it is easier to bend a tree while it is in its early stagesso are children.The four levels of the pyramid module as presented are designed to address the diverse need of children. They include the act of building and nurturing a responsive relation between children and other people, the implementation of high-quality supportive environments, the use of well-disposed and emotional supports in as teaching strategies and lastly planning intense individualized interventions with a motive of promoting and intensifying support to children. When designing and maintaining learning centers a number of factors need consideration. positioning calls for a clear set boundary to let children concentrate on their play and learning without interruption. It is important to consider the numbers by making accredited that there are adequate centers to accommodate all the children without congestion.In addition to this, there should be enough materials enabling children carry out their plans in social play. Art material, dramatic play props and toys should be availed in these centers. Lastly, images that include books reflecting the diversity of the community also play a significant role in a learning centre.While striving to support peer interaction, it will be of importance for me to consider making enough centers that would allow children the opportunity of interacting with others socially. Selecting a wide range of materials and activities relevant to the different needs of children will be of importance too.According

Aspects of Visual Images Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Aspects of Visual Images - Essay ExampleAs the discussion declares representational art is not only fascinating but also thrill given the fact that it started back in history. Besides, representational artwork presents the biggest amount of artwork done over the years. Notably, representational art majorly deals with ideas, styles, reality and impression therefrom distinguishes actual subjects from reality. The ease with which deal identify representational artworks makes them like the aspect. Some of the representational artwork determined from the provided pieces of artwork includes Les Demoiselles dAvignon by Pablo Picasso, and the rocky Mountains by Albert Bierstadt.This study stresses thatabstract artwork concentrates more on geometry and shapes hence it is not easy to recognize objects depicted by the artwork. Artists who embrace abstract artwork contest that the aesthetic value of a painting is more attracting than representational characteristics. They support their argu ments by stating that use of geometry for instance figures, color, shapes, and circles make a piece of work more attractive. Abstraction gained momentum in the 19th century when artists started to view artwork in a more intellectual manner.Abstraction artists see artwork as a profession just like any other hence, the application of aesthetics enhances quality work. However, due to many similarities between abstract and non-objectivity many people usually fail to distinguish the two.

The Importance of Social Justice in Education Essay

The Importance of Social Justice in Education - Essay ExampleThis paper illustrates that scholars have attempted to mark the phenomena in light of factors like political orientation, religious background, and political and affable philosophy. However, in the modern society, social justness is the acknowledged as the ideas of equal umpire and opportunity for every member of the society transcending beyond a courtroom or the judiciary. It involves providing an equal footing to every adept in all the social strata existing, from the very thick to those below the poverty line. The idea of social justice, while hailed by many supporters as the only moral way to run a society is most impossible to implement in its pure form as many different factors come into play in deciding the life quality of an man-to-man in a society and controlling all them is not only difficult but leads to further debates about the ethical implications of said control. There be two opposing political stance s on the issue. The leftist stance which sh ars some traits with socialism supports the idea of government involvement to determine social justice finished control of the resources present in the society and equal distribution through legislation pertaining to taxation and programs to help to less privileged. Social justice should mean that staple fibre necessities like food, shelter, and education are provided to all at the expense of the privileged few. The right-wing school of thought accepts the idea of social justice but doesnt support existing government legislation as no one should be forced to provide equal opportunity for others- it should be fostered instead by mutual consent and philanthropic response. Healthcare, employment, education, shelter and child protection are just some of the sectors where in that location is a lot of pressure to ensure social justice as an thriftiness and society can potentially benefit from a healthy and informed population equally provide d with all the resources and the prospect to parent and strengthen. While social justice aims to uphold basic human rights on the basis of a moral and ethical obligation, there is no denying that social justice can also be thought of a practical solution to boost an economy or general profitability of a nation this may not be one of the more humane reasoning behind the system but it is a rational one. One of the areas which has benefitted from this school of thought is education, where there has been significant movement to ensure some degree of social justice as a well-educated population is a necessary asset to ensure a competitive edge of any nation in terms of technological advances and improved sectors of military, services, sustenance, resource management, and others. It is also necessary as education is one of the major equating factors which decrease the divide existing in a society and the effects trickle down into other areas, effectively impacting lifestyles and a great er possibility of social justice. Education is also one of the tools through which tolerance is spread in society as shared knowledge and enlightened minds are more more accepting of diversity and merging cultures. By providing the same learning environment, resources and opportunities for higher learning to children coming from different backgrounds, societies have a much better chance of getting rid of negative social developments like racial and sexual discriminations and prejudices. Thereby creating a more equal and collaborative economy which will have an impact on overall productivity as well as social well being of the population.

Portfolio of two banks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Portfolio of two intrusts - Essay ExampleThe vision of the company is to stomach its customers innovative products and work. The presence of Mashreq Bank is expanding as its performance is among the highest ranking banks in the UAE.The bank is renowned all across UAE and out of every two households unrivalled individual has an account in Mashreq Bank. The company has identified the importance of customer satisfaction and creating value therefore there is a number of Service Centers and in like manner one of the largest Automated Teller Machine (ATM) network all over the country. The bank is also on the verge of globalization and has twelve offices overseas (including Europe, unite States, Asia and Africa).Mashreq Bank is one of the most profitable banks in UAE. It started successfully from the first year of inception and the financial growth is brawny during the last decades. The bank has witnessed its mart sh be rising, a solid equity base, the asset base keeps on growing and the returns gathered from the Assets increments. These are the competitive advantages the bank posses and also these characteristics are the bases of the strong Financial Position of the Bank.The Emirates National Bank of Dubai was formed in the year 2007. It was a merger between the second and the fourth largest banks of United Arab Emirates. The biggest advantage to the bank is that it gained the name of the two most renowned banks of the region. The reason of the merger was to become a giant and run enhanced value in corporate, retail, private, Islamic services and the investment banking across the region. ENBD is the leading group in the market (Dubai) the bank celebrated its 50th anniversary. The vision of the bank is to achieve global recognition and to provide the most effective and efficient Financial Services all over the globe. The bank has 215 branches and the ATM and cash deposit machines fitted across the region and overseas are 889. The bank is promoting its Islamic

Dissent About Nuclear Safety Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dissent About Nuclear Safety - Case Study ExampleIn regularize to have a clear conscience, she should speak her mind. The engineering codes require that safety and welfare of public be placed supreme above all else.The longevity of Brad over Alison pushes her to a weaker standing point. Alison is required to be careful here and be diplomatic in the way she presents her conflicting opinion. She should stick to her ethical motive and quote the NSPE code if she feels it is correct and necessary to do so. Most importantly, Alison should not be coerced to act in unison with other board members. Given that on that point has been a strong culture of unanimity, this paves way for the possibility that Alison whitethorn feel the need to act and think like the group, which is clearly wrong. This junior staff whitethorn find it necessary to abstain from voting if she feels that she should not cast a negative vote all alone.In case subsequent calculations indicate that a single heat exchanger would be adequate, that would not be erroneous for Alison to have cast a negative vote rejecting the other members decision. She is not doing so to stop the report from going on to NRC, but to ensure that the committee is doing what is required of them and that it works in the appropriate manner in while making decisions. Therefore, she has an obligation, even though different from the views of other members of the committee. Also, the committee has an obligation too to make sure that the opinions of others are always taken into consideration.Alison may be required to approach this issue from different angles. The first instance is requesting for a delay by stating that public safety is undoubtedly at hazard and that the effects of a malfunction will be comparatively extensive. The tribulations and harms to the public will be instant, and the detriment to the public will be within 20 miles. The second instance is that she should

Classical and Baroque Style Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Classical and Baroque Style - Essay ExampleThere were several important forms that were used during this rate of flow. These included the mass, Missa Brevis, Missa Solemnis, requiem, and the vespers (Downs 69). Furthermore, the classical choral was homophonic and lighter in its texture. In addition, during this era, medicine was given careful attention by elegance, to form and restraint. The music was objective in nature and emotions were carefully controlled. In contrary, the Baroque period was dominated by chants and choral music. There were poems that were accompanied by instruments meant for praises. Music had the triadic harmony which made the music more complex. Furthermore, this music was dramatic and expansive. This music marked the beginning of harmony and melody use. Melodies were now played with a group of instruments in a put up or by soloists in a concerto. For instance, Brandenburg concerto is one of the major Baroque concertos. It was composed by J.S Bach. The period led to the creation of foundations of scales and chords. Modulation in paternity was also another style that emerged during this period. The period had composers like Monteverdi and Vivaldi. The period was also characterized by polyphonic approach and the basic form of the period was type of the triad parts and it also incorporated the binary form. However, the two periods have some factors in unison. For instance, most of the instrumental forms like sonata and symphony were invented in the Baroque period but they were used in the classical era.

British Colonialism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

British Colonialism - Essay ExampleThe British colonial enterprise was one of the largest and most successful devising the British Empire one of the largest known imperiums in human history. Stretching from the Western North American shores, down to the Caribbean, through the Middle East and into Asia, British colonialism was unmatched at its height in sheer ball-shaped supremacy. The period of 1914 to 1941 is a fascinating period of analysis to study the British colonial empire because it includes the end of the First World War, the interbellum years and the first two years of the Second World War. This quantify frame captures some dramatic periods in global history and this essay seeks to address how British colonialism changed during this period. From 1914 to 1941, the British Empire had to compete with the emergence of budding nationalism in its colonies and increasing levels of anti-colonial resistance as time progressed. Seeking to explore the impact of the colonial enterpr ise on the countries of the Middle East and Africa, this paper will discuss European colonialism in Iraq, a awkward artificially created in the wake of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire following World War I. This analysis will address the impetus for colonialism and the dramatic changes which took conduct in Iraq during our established time frame.

Should the Zoos Be Shut Down Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Should the Zoos Be Shut Down - Essay ExampleUsing animals for entertainment is merely despicable and utterly cruel. It teaches us nothing except to be tolerant of cruelty and hardship as we get used to sufferings of the animals in the zoo serious to get us entertained or educated. Moreso, when the kind of entertainment we get is twisted because it is at the expense of animal rifles and well-being. Nor be we educated about animals because we ar not seeing the animals in zoos in their true nature. All animals in the zoo relatively behave the same because of the small space and they are caged in. Zoos are harmful to animal lives. It has already been proven that animals live longer in the wild than in the zoo. It is because the wild is the natural habitat of the animals where their instinct to survive, adapt and black market on their own is honed. In the wilds, they can run, a hunt which is good for them because their ability to hunt and survive is present not to mention that they can drill there (all living animals needs to exercise). When one cages them, animals lose their instinct to hunt and survive and becomes dependent on the zookeeper making their lives miserable, depressed making them demeanor want pathetic animals rather than a strong and wild. Animals in the zoo live a miserable life because it is not their natural habitat and galore(postnominal) of them even some of them display neurotic behavior because of their confinement. If you wonder why some animals kept on walking in circles on ages and keep on shaking their heads, it is because the animal is suffering from neurosis which is wrought by the despicable environment of the zoo. As a result, the lifespan of animals in the zoo are shortened. Elephants for example, which are known to be survivors in the wild only live less than half of its natural years. Where it usually lives for 56-60 years in the wild, elephants can only live for an average of 17 years Thus, the arguments used by zoo owner s and keepers that zoos conserve animals are false. Keeping animals in zoos are not conserving them but in fact, kill them. Imagine the lion that we see on TV with all its might running and hunting its prey, that suddenly when it was caged, it became lethargic and meek slowly dying like a poor cat dependent on the food is given by the zookeeper.

Mid-Semester Exam Essay Example for Free

Mid-Semester Exam EssayBoth Heraclitus and Parmenides were obsessed with mixed bag. Explain how change fits into each of their philosophical systems. Are there any two similarities in their two accounts? Why are they so important to later metaphysicians such as the particle theorists?Heraclitus believed in the unity of opposites. The succession of the opposites brings out his key look of change. The successive manifestation of contrary properties in an object is a way of saying that everything undergoes change. only, things, according to Heraclitus, are in a constant flux. Comparing this change to stepping into a river, he says you can non step twice into the like river. I agree with this proposition considering the fact that the molecular property of a river at an instance is not the same, since it is constantly flowing. The constant flowing of the river suggests a constant movement of molecules so that new molecules interact with objects the river is in contact with. One m ay return to the same river, but fresh waters have flowed into it, making it different.With this notion of change, it can be said that cipher retains its identity, though it remains the same thing. The object thereof endures, even though it is undergoing constant change and some of its components or characteristics may be lost. I think that the unity of the opposites therefore is a necessity for the world of equilibrium, so that though in opposition, they maintain a balance and order in an object, and in nature as a whole. This unity which brings about balance and order is what Heraclitus calls the news. Parmenides views are a contrast to those of Heraclitus a sharp turn around the notion of change. He denies the reality of change, motion and void. For him, change is impossible and incoherent. All existence is permanent, ungenerated, indestructible and unchanging. In his view, there are no opposites, no plurality. For him, change and motion were mere illusions.He favored pure re ason as a path of understanding the world and its nature. He argued against the existence of void, equating it with non- world. For Parmenides, what is mustiness exist, and what is not cannot exist, and is completely unlearnable. Only two things underlie reality for Parmenides being and non-being. Anything that can exist and can be thought about must exist. It is therefore impossible to think or speak about what does not exist. Therefore, nothing cannot exist, and nothing can come into existence if it is not. For him, there is no difference between past, present and future. Therefore what is, already exists, and will exist, without change. What is, is therefore necessary. Parmenides names the logos of Heraclitus, being.He opposes two possibilities for thought, being and non-being, and says that being is the only way that can be for thinking. The most non-being could do would be to not be. The appearances referred to as illusion or delusion are like what Heraclitus calls the flux an d flow of reality beings coming to be and passing away this permeates all reality but in Parmenides view, they must only and can only return to being at what is perceived as destruction. For particular theorists, atomists in particular, the permanence of Parmenides and flux of Heraclitus are reconciled, and the atomic possibleness was conceived. I think this is their most important contribution to later metaphysicians.

Introduction to Environmental Health and Risk Assessment Essay Example for Free

Introduction to Environmental Health and Risk Assessment EssayAsbestos is considered a Public health hazard. As such thither have been a number of scientific measures adopted to manage this risk to environmental health and caoutchouc. In this discussion the author would advance that the best substance to manage asbestos is by applying the asbestos jurisprudence designed for that particular location. It is believed to be safe since it is a code which has been researched prior to its design and many of the major risk factors were considered.It follows app arnt guides such as elimination/ removal (most preferred) isolation/ boundary/sealing engineering controls safe work practices (administrative controls) personal protective equipment (PPE) (Asbestos control measures, 2010). As it pertains to this redact the risk management plan to be adopted is the elimination and removal option which would be discussed in more detail. Justification for the decision In rule to justify why it is believed that the elimination and removal option is the best under any circumstances to mange asbestos risks ,the reader must understand what it really does.First the removal has to be conducted by a certified environmentalist who is knowledgeable in the practice and would conduct the handle according to the environmental heath and safety code pertaining to that procedure. Therefore, it excludes the infiltration of a novice undertaking the risk management technique. Asbestos is a very serious environmental hazard as such any attempts at control must be scientifically monitored.As was previously mentioned these are scientific interventions which are implemented after decades of well evaluated research, environmental data, community health concerns and health outcome data. nvironmental data are reviewed to determine whether people in the community might be exposed to hazardous materials from the NPL facility. (ATSDR, 2009). The removal boundaries are carefully defined security signs and appropriate displays are erected for the public to recognize that the environment is being targeted for asbestos removal. This protects the community during the process since they would not enter the dangerous barrier zones. It is total forbiddingumination. Besides the electrical equipment are removed and all appliances which are used to provide electrical power must be turned off.These gibe to the asbestos risk when elimination and removal are done. It cannot be overemphasized that this ensures complete elimination and security after the process is completed. Hence, here is the justification that this is the best option for removing both(prenominal) friable and non friable asbestos. It is highly recommended as a risk management device. How will elimination and removal provide a greater amount of resistance from the inherent risks associated with Asbestos? Obviously, it is irradiation of the risk itself.It is like conducting a root cause analysis whereby the foundati on of the factor is upturned to ensure that is has been destroyed completely. Isolation/enclosure/sealing engineering controls safe work practices (administrative controls) personal protective equipment (PPE) (Asbestos control measures, 2010) are all palliative measures. These do not stand the test of fourth dimension because they act simply as control measures. There is still asbestos in the atmosphere. Of major significance is that the effects of asbestos do not manifest immediately.It takes years. During that time no one knows how telling these control measure might be. There is never a sure way of evaluating their true effectiveness until an entire community becomes ill from this exposure which was supposed to be controlled. Therefore, it is the authors belief that the best ways to avoid any predisposed effects and provide optimum safety is by elimination and removal. An Outline of the selected method used to evaluate results of the option chosen to implement Asbestos risk man agement.The implementation task in itself offers a process of evaluation which is to determine the presence of asbestos in the air after the elimination process has been completed. This is a scientific evaluation. There are mainly three types of asbestos. introductory to the elimination procedure the environmentalist would have evaluated the types to determine whether it was white (chsorile) blue (crocidolite) or brown (amosite). The Environmental Protective Agency (EPA) has devised a scientific methodological analysis to evaluate asbestos removal.It has been researched and found to be an appropriate measuring instrument. This entails the adoption of an alternative test which will evaluate the removal procedure used to determine how effective it was in estimating how much asbestos was really removed. Precisely, it attempts to remove some types of asbestos harbored in buildings. The interior of the building is wet, and then demolished without excluding whatever other types of asbest os may be present. adequate water is applied to trap any asbestos which might have escaped the initial reatment.This exercise is monitored and the amount of asbestos present in the atmosphere is evaluated. It is usually tried and true against a previously conducted irradiation treatment. (U. S Environmental Protection Agency. Asbestos Project Plan, 2010) This is a feasible way of evaluating the results of a previously conducted asbestos removal exercise. The environmentalists can in addition re-measure the asbestos content scientifically. However, this method even evaluates the specific instrument used and just not the degree of substances removed.

Social Security Policy In Hong Kong Social Work Essay

Social gage constitution In Hong Kong Social Work EssayWelf are services are significant elements in a society, which offbeat should constitute aside, to what extent the well-being can be provided and how to provide may vary among different society. There are both(prenominal) models help us to understand the factors affecting the wellbeing system such as the Residual benefit precedent and the eastern hemisphere Asian eudaimonia Model. We exit examine whether Hong Kong a typical practice session of these two models by analyzing the amicable welfare policies.Social welfare refers to the well-being or betterment for individuals through direct benefits, services or disposable income (Wong, 2010). accord to Ronald B. Dear, Social policies are those principles, procedures, and courses of action established in statute, administrative code, and agency regulation that affect press prohibiteds social well-being. Social eudaemonia Policies are some sort of these social poli cies. They may be thought of as those policies that affect the distri thation of resources Richan (1988). In the following analysis, we leave alone 5 main kinds of welfare policies which are housing, learning health finagle, social care and social security measure to illustpace whether Hong Kong a typical example of both the East Asian Welfare Model and Residual Welfare Model or not.There are various characteristics of the Residual Welfare Model, the individual characteristics, economic characteristics and the characteristics of government and state.For the individual characteristics, people are recognized to be self-independent, self-interested and self-responsible.For the economic characteristics, laissez fair economy and the invisible hand are upheld since people believes that market can solve the social problems and to have the well- being of the society.The government and state are the major providers of social welfare and control to what extent the welfare can be provide d. Under RWM, the government and state should not over burden itself with social welfare/ services and interfere with individual right and interests. Therefore, only the raw material welfare should be provided i.e. law and order, defense, sway and communication infra- structure. Welfare seems as residual, temporary and substitutes of the normal structure of supply which means the family and the market economy. Only when the normal structure of supply breaks down, social welfare and services should be provided. In order to avoid the reliance on the welfare system, some of the welfare/ services may come with the stigma of dole or charity element. The poor is the major grouping of people to receipt welfare and they always recognized as the incompetent second class members of society. To take care the welfare can be provided to the people in need, welfare will always have selectivity. The most common method is by means test.According the Mishra, the main features show that a minima l government or state is preferred. The government just wants to provide welfare for the paupers and poor which is just minority group of the society.The services provided are just serving the basic need for them and range of statutory services is limited. Combining all these elements, welfare is just a guard duty net, confined to those who are unable to manage otherwise.Main featuresResidual1. State responsibility in meeting needs (ideology of state intervention)Minimal2. Need-based distribution as a value (ideology of distribution)Marginal3. Range of statutory servicesLimited4. Population covered by statutory servicesMinority5. Level of benefits gloomy6. Proportion of national income spent on state service confused7. Use of means testPrimary8. Nature of clientsPaupers/ the poor9. Status of clientsLow10.Orientation of the serviceCoercive11. Role of non-statutory agencies in welfarePrimaryFig.1, The main features of Residual Welfare Model, (Mishra, 1984)Whether Hong Kong a typical example of Residual Welfare Model?We used the 5 main kinds of social welfare policies in Hong Kong to illustrate Hong Kong is adopting the RWM or not.EducationHong Kong provided different schemes for people to pay for their education fee. One of the education subsidy schemes is Pre-primary Education Voucher Scheme. Government will subsidize the parents to meet towards school fees for pre-primary education of their babyren in the induce of Pre-primary Education Vouchers.In addition, Hong Kong government inform 12 years of free education in Policy Address 2009-2010. It provides 12 years compulsory free education to children.For the Tertiary students, Tertiary scholar Finance Scheme was released. Government provided larger amount of subsidies to tertiary students. The total amount of grant paid by government is $621.93 million in 2009-10.Fig.2, Publicly-funded Programmes unionmary of StatisticsThe Continuing Education Fund (CEF) subsidizes adults who willing to pursue continuing e ducation and training courses. Adequate applicants will be refunded 80% of their fees, a maximum sum of HK$10,000. Apparently, government pays effort on the education policies and the population covered is really broad.Health CareFor the Clinics part, 70 % of primary consultations take place in close sector while others take place in government funded clinics.Moreover, there are 41 public hospitals in Hong Kong. However, there are only 12 private hospitals. And the Hong Kongs 12 private hospitals provide a total of 2794 beds. It less than 10% into the number of hospital beds in Hong Kong.Furthermore, in Healthcare Reform (2009-2010 Policy Address), government decided to increase the health care expenditure from 15% of the Governments recurrent expenditure to 17% by 2012. The strategy of healthcare reform reflects the governments direction of healthcare in the follow few years will still highly intervene in the healthcare services.All of these healthcare policies show that governmen t has a quite high level of intervention and these services are open to all the Hong Kong residents without any selectivity. As a result, the health care does not chink to the principles of residual welfare model. lodgementGovernment also had launched lot of policies about housing. There are about 710000 public rental housing in the Housing Authoritys portfolio, housing about two million people.Tenants Purchase Scheme (TPS) was introduced in 1997 to enable at least 250000 families living in public rental housing to buy their flats at an affordable price which is lower than the market price.Besides, Home ownership schemes (HOS) is another ownership scheme. It is designed to assist residents to buy their own flats and HOS flats are subsidized public housing.It is easily to find that government had interfered a lot in the housing supply. The population covered not just focus on the minority. Therefore, it differs from the principles of residual welfare model.Social CareIn the field of social care, it provides a wide range of services taking care of the elderly, children, young people, disabilities, the victims of domestic help violence, etc. This is quite different from the RWM since the population covered is large. The most common method adopted by the HK Government to provide the welfare services is to form partnership with non-government organizations. The government give a Lump Sum Grant to the NGOs and they provide the services to those in need. The expense on the Social Welfare administration occupied the third large proportion of the total expense on welfare in Hong Kong.Fig.3, The expense of the social services organizationSocial warrantor Comprehensive Social Security Assistance SchemeThe characteristics on providing services on social security seem more close to the RWM. The aim of social security is to provide for the basic and special needs of the members of the community who are in need of financial or material assistance (Social Welfare depart ment, 2008). It is a short- time help.CSSA is a safety net for those who cannot support themselves financially and bring their income up to a prescribed level to meet their basic needs (Social Welfare Department, 2008). The old age, single parent and unemploy are the three major groups of people of to apply CSSA (Statistics on Comprehensive Social Security Assistance Scheme 1998-2008, 2009).In order to select the most needed, people apply for CSSA should go through the financial tests. They need to pass the income and assets tests. Office interview and home visit will conduct to investigate and verify the applicants circumstances and information provided.Since this is a short-time help, the government do not want people rely on it, there is some special arrangement for those aged 15-59 in normal health to actively seek full-time jobs and participate in the Support for Self-reliance Scheme of the Department (Social Welfare Department, 2008).Sub-conclusionIn the 5 main kinds of social policies, only the social security seems to be the typical example of residual welfare model. Social security just provides short-term help and to fulfill the basic needs of the recipients. Moreover, a series and comprehensive investigation and financial test are needed. And the CSSA may arouse the Stigmatization. People may have bias on those CSSA recipients. Besides Government pays effort to teach and encourage the recipient to work in other to pay the safety net. In this sense, it conforms to the principle of residual welfare model.On the other hand, the other four categories of social welfare policies are not much standardised the residual welfare model. They are more like universal benefits and services having no or less selectivity, because benefits available to everyone. Those policies not only provide basic needs of individual but also to improve the quality of life, cultivate the citizens, and so on. Therefore, the expenditure on welfare keeps increasing. Thus, Hong Kon g is not a typical example of residual welfare model.The East Asian Welfare Model (the EAWM)DefinitionThere is another model related to social welfare insurance which is the East Asian Welfare Model. It shares the Confucian ethics and value emphasizing on education, strong family relations, benevolent paternalism, social harmony, discipline, respect for tradition and strong work ethic. To forge whether Hong Kong is a typical example of The East Asian Welfare Model, we can see if it matches the elements of the model.Dominated on economic concernsIn the EAWM, welfare policies are predominate on economic concerns in order to improve the productiveness of labour force and provide strong working incentive. As it aims to help increasing the productivity of an economy, it is also called as a productivist social policy. Hong Kong does match this element.There is a concept of from welfare to workin Hong Kong. When more people have their own jobs, the numbers of CSSA recipients will decreas es and the productivity of an economy will be increased too.Tar lodgeed employment assistance for various CSSA RecipientsIn Hong Kong, the government targets employment assistance for various CSSA recipients. For example, the Three mental test Enhanced fellowship Work Projects which includes training elements in 2005 to 2006 were aimed to enhance the employability of participants. Up to October in 2006, there were 145 Intensive Employment Assistance Projects which provided intensive employment assistance services to unemployed CSSA recipients. Hong Kong government also supports for Self-reliance Scheme (SFS) that encourages and assists employable recipients to take up paid employment so as to drag them to become self-reliant. This scheme includes Active Employment Assistance programme and Community Work programme. They aimed to help people finding jobs and thus increase the productivity of Hong Kong.governor rather than providerThe Hong government acts as a regulator of welfare p olicy rather than a provider in EAWM. Hong Kong matches this element since Hong Kong government contracts out the services by giving funds to different organizations and asks them to provide welfare services for it. For example, it provides funds to The Neighbourhood Advice-Action Council to build Family Crisis Support Centres in order to adopt family crisis. It also gives funds to Po Leung Kuk and Childtime International Nursery Limited to build up child care centre so as to provide child care services. It gives funds to St. James Settlement and Hong Kong Society for the Aged to provide elderly services such as building up Elderly Community Centres.Way to maintain social stability and legitimacyIn the EAWM, welfare has been seen and used as a key element to maintain social stability, to get the legitimacy of governments which lacked democratic legitimacy and to ameliorate grievances. Hong Kong matches this element. In Hong Kong, the Chief Executive and government officials are not elected by universal suffrage. With less legitimacy, welfare service becomes one of the tactics to pacify the grievances and to maintain social stability. Welfares can keep social stability as when peoples needs have been satisfied, they are pass judgment not to commit crimes. Hong Kong government does do a lot to give financial assistance to the poor. For example, CSSA Scheme gives financial assistance to those who cannot support themselves. Social Security Allowance (SSA) Scheme provides monthly allowance to Hong Kong residents who are severely disabled or 65 years old or above. It shows that Hong Kong government uses welfare as a tool to maintain social stability, and so as to retain the legitimacy of the government.Low social welfare expenditureHong Kong Government expenditure on social welfare is low compared with the Western countries. The welfare expenditure (% of GDP) of some western countries is above 20%, some are up to 29%. In Hong Kong, the welfare expenditure (% of GD P) is around 8% due to the low tax rate and the reliance on the market and the family to provide welfare.Hostile to the idea of welfare stateHong Kong is also hostile to the idea of welfare state. In the welfare states, the tax rate is high such as the corporate tax rate is 25% and the personal tax is up to 58% in Denmark. The high tax can support rate of large welfare expenditure. Welfare states provide comprehensive coverage of welfare including old-age pensions, unemployment benefits health and childcare services. The welfare is also very favourable since is more than the basic needs. In Sweden, the unemployed will sustain 80 percent of his or her normal income under the unemployment benefits. However, in Hong Kong, the tax rate are extremely low compared with the OECD standards. The corporation tax rate is 17.5% and personal tax rate is only 16%, around 1/3 of the OECD standard. Hong Kong is one of the places with the lowest tax rates, named as tax haven. The low tax rates enco urage competition i.e. the harder you work and more you gain.In the White Paper Social Welfare into the 1990s, government stated that it worked hard to improve the dependency last and remind the citizens incentive to work and undermines the productive engine of the economy. It is to encourage self- independence and responsibility.Significant role of the familyThe family plays a significant role in Hong Kong social welfare. Hong Kong is influenced by the traditional Confucian culture which is family oriented. The role of family is measured not just by its affluence but also by its core determine, the kindness, caring for others and joint support. The family members support and look after each other. The number of elderly living with their son is higher than that in Western countries. The Government policies also promote the family values to lighten the dependency on social welfare system. Under Hong Kong tax system, allowances are given to the taxpayers who taking care of their c hildren, parents and grandparents. It is to encourage family members to look after the jejuneness and the elderly. Besides, the Public housing allocation policy will give special consideration to the family with elderly. The housing policy is family oriented. In the Policy Address 2009-2010, CE suggested to set up a Happy Family Info Hub to promote family core values, and to introduce family education as well as support services for the family. (Policy Address 2009-2010)Piecemeal, practical and ad hoc welfare developmentWelfare development in Hong Kong is piecemeal, pragmatic and ad hoc. There is no comprehensive long term development plans on socialwelfare, for example, the public housing policy in 50s, the aims of the policy is to settle the fire victims of Shek Kei Mei squatter areas. Besides, The Government legitimacy is shattered in the 67 riot. After that, Government started the social security policy including public assistance scheme, old age and disability allowances in t he early 70s. The aims of the social security policy are to deal with critical issues and maintain society stability. Social welfare policies are reactive measures to address ad hoc issues without long term planning.ConclusionIn conclusion, only social security policy in Hong Kong fit the Residual Welfare Model but other policies such as housing, education, health care and social care do not fit the model. On the other hand, the social welfare systems in Hong Kong fit most of the elements of The East Asian Welfare Model. Therefore, we do not agree that Hong Kong is a typical example of both models since it is not a typical example of the Residual Welfare Model but a typical example of the East Asian Welfare Model.

Efficacy of Growth Factors Concentration after PRP

Efficacy of Growth cistrons Concentration later on PRPEfficacy of development brokers concentration (hGH, IGF-1, FGF-2, PDGF, VEGF) afterwards autologous Platelet- fertile blood plasma guess (PRP) on accelerating healing of proximal crucify tear for athletes.Ahmed Gaballah1- Department of Sports Health Sciences, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt.2- Kinesiology and Health Sciences Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USAAbstractPlatelet rich plasma (PRP) become popular biologically method utilize to accele calculate healing in sports medicine and orthopaedic cognitive operation field. PRP is concentrate the human platelets to supra-physiologic levels. It is an autologous producing high level of the platelets concentration centrifuged from the encircling(prenominal) vein. Then it re-injected beneath the ultrasound gaudiness during surgery or at a site of injury. METHOD Seventeen physically active males (age 22.00.6) with acute hamstring strain injuries divided t o 8 case assemblage and 9 matched controls (age 21.62.8) were recruited as search participants. Case company participants were injected with single 3 ml of extracted PRP on a lower floor ultrasound gaudiness. However, Blood samples were collected by venipuncture at standardized time points before the stroke and 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after for case group and 4wks. and 8wks for both groups. RESULTS there was portentously difference betwixt the emergence factors results of the case group after 4 weeks comp ard with the 8 weeks result of the control group. Additionally, the same significant results between the devil groups after the 8 weeks. Nevertheless, the physical measurements related with hamstring Strain and Knee flexion range of motion between the two groups were not significant after 4 weeks or 8 weeks. CONCLUTION a single 3-mL injection of autologous PRP combined with a rehabilitation syllabus was effective in time retrovert to sportswoman and reducing the seve rity of disturb after an acute grade 2 hamstring injury. Additionally, increase in circulating concentrations of VEGF, IGF-1, PDGF and FGF-2.Key Words Platelet rich plasma (PRP), Human Growth Factors, torment Tear.1. IntroductionSkeletal muscularity injuries are up to 55% of all sports injuries and causes excessive long term pain and physical disability, Muscles strains and contusions supporting much than 90% of all sports related injuries and are the most muscular injuries frequent. 1 2 Proximal hamstring tear injuries are common in athletes and frequently result in prolonged rehabilitation, time missed from merriment, and a significant risk of re-injury. Reports of acute hamstring strains without avulsion in dancers devote suggested convalescence times for return-to-play ranging from 30 to 76 weeks 3.Platelet rich plasma (PRP) become popular biologically method used to accelerate healing in sports medicine and orthopaedic surgery field. PRP is concentrate the human plate lets to supra-physiologic levels. It is an autologous producing high level of the platelets concentration centrifuged from the peripheral vein. Then it re-injected under the ultrasound gaudiness during surgery or at a site of injury 4 5. As a result of the overleap side-effect and the autologous nature of PRP, it has utilized exponentially over the last few years in sports medicine and orthopaedic. Historically, since the 1950s the platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been used to dermatological conditions and manage maxillofacial as well 6. Furtherto a greater extent, Platelet-derived homeworks including PRP were first regulated by WADA under the 2010 Prohibited magnetic inclination because of concerns that the elevated concentrations of exploitation factors in PRP may confer an unfair advantage to handle athletes. However, WADA lifted the ban on PRP in 2011 in recognition of the lack of evidence to support a systemic performance-enhancing effect and to allow further research in the field 7.Indeed, the melody contains 6% platelets, 1% white blood cells, and 93% red blood cells. The PRP technique aims to reverse the concentration of the platelet in lieu of red cells to increase the harvest-tide factors that more useful in accelerating the healing. 8 However, Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is a centrifuged blood product that contains a supraphysiologic amount of platelets. Therefore, the preparation plow to product concentrative platelet above the baseline set have started with an autologous extraction of patients blood, then by plasmapheresis centrifuged to obtain a concentrated suspension of platelets. It then separates the solid and liquid components of the anticoagulated blood after a two- face of centrifugation process 9. The initial phase separates the plasma and platelets from the erythrocytes and leucocytes. The second stage concentrates the platelets further into platelet-rich and platelet-poor plasma components 10 11.Platelet rich plasma (PRP) contains some biologic factors which have been heighten the proliferation and collagen secretion of tenocytes. These factors including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2), and transforming growth factor (TGF ) 12 13. There is an increasing the stimulus response of PDGF and TGF- in the early stages of tendon and bodybuilders healing after PRP injection resulting in new vessel arrangement and collagen synthesis. 14. In addition to decrease oxidative stress that could introduce to cell apoptosis, PRP has been promoted tendon and vigours cell growth 15. This is evidenced and reinforced by release of inflammatory meiators such as COX-1 and2, PGE-2 16 17.Recently, there are mixed approaches inform the benefits of treating the soft weave injuries such as muscles tears and tendinosis by injecting platelet rich plasma (PRP). Despite this popularization and increasing use in soft tissue injuries, its efficacy still not clear and remains controversi al. It has been previously established that platelets provide regenerative potential by the process of chemo-taxis 18 19 20. The use of PRP in order to accelerate recovery time after muscle injury has become a relatively common practice in sports medicine. Several studies represent that PRP can improve skeletal muscle healing after acute injury. In particular, local PRP which increase expression of several myogenic factors at mRNA level acting on modlating the inflammatory response and myogenesis in the early stages after acute injury 21 22. Rossi L, et al. reported the effects of an autologous PRP injections on time to return to play in randomized controlled oeuvre conducted on 75 patients. The study represented time to return to play for recreational and competitive athletes and recurrence rate after acute muscle injuries as well. The main result in the study that PRP injection significant reduction of re-injury rates at 2 years. Additionally, it was decrease the pain severity s core and significantly decreased the time of return to sports as well 23. One more study reported that 14 master copy athletes were treated with ultrasound-guidance injections of PRP after acute muscle injuries. The athletes showed a quick return to activity and improved healing in muscle tears 8. confusable results have represented in Sanchez et al study, which conducted on 20 athletes. These results supported the benefits of PRP and its role in muscle healing. The patients recovered in half of the expected time 24. code 1. Process of platelet activation (PDGF, platelet derived growth factor). Source 25Platelet Activity in muscles(Figure 1,) represents the released serotonin contributes to vasoconstriction. The conversion of ATP into ADP releases the energy required to establish and maintain the aggregation. The release of the calcium ions inside the platelet makes the myofibril within it contract, thus allowing the aggregation and release of the content of the granules. This is serum calcium, which is necessary for the formation of the fibrin network 26. The presence of the Ca2+ ions in the plasma makes the coagulation factors activate and group, forming the fibrin network, which is stabilized by factor XIII and transformed in a stable clot. The calcium ions also inhibit the anticoagulant activity of heparin, preserving the clot 27.The PRP and the growth factorsThe functions of these growth factors are presented in Table 1. It should be noted that the mechanism of action of platelet-rich plasma does not differ from the physiological healing process, but allows for obtaining higher concentrations of growth factors. As a result, the process of tissue regeneration is accelerated 28 29 30. Platelet -granules are comprised of haemostatic factors, regulators inflammation, and offend healing. Substances stored in dense granules are thrombocyte-activating factors. Platelets also contain lysosomal granules, which secrete acid hydrolases 31 32. Platelet activation results in growth factor release. Platelet growth factors include platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor (TGF-), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) 33 8.Table 1. Growth Factors functionGrowth factorAbbreviationFunctionsTransforming growth factorTGF-A mitogen for fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, osteoblasts Angiogenesis procession, extracellular matrix productionPlatelet-derived growth factorPDGFChemotactic effect on monocytes, neutrophils, fibroblasts, mesenchymalstem cells and osteoblastsA mitogen for fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells Angiogenesis promotion, formation of fibrous tissue, re-epithelializationVascular endothelial growth factorVEGFAngiogenesis promotion degenerative wound healing promotion Inhibition of bone formationEpidermal growthEGFfactor A mitogen for fibroblasts, endothelial cells, keratinocytes Chronic wound healing promotionInsulin-like growth factor IGF-1Regulation of bone maintenance Modulator of cell apoptosis Stimulation of bone tissue regenerationPlatet derived endothelial growth factorPDEGFPromotes wound healing by stimulating the proliferation of keratinocyes and dermal fibroblastsEndothelial Growth FactorEGFCellular proliferation Differentiation of epithelial cellsFigure 2. Platelet degranulation and action of the released cytokines in the process of formation of new bone and muscle tissue (VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor PDGF, platelet derived growth factor BMP, bone morphogenetic protein TGF-b, transforming growth factor).2. Methods2.1. ParticipantsThis study was approved by Damietta University, Egypt, Alexandria University, Egypt and Utah state University, UT, USA. Twenty-three physically active males with acute grade 2 hamstring tear were voluntarily recruited for data compendium (age 21.8 2.64y, mass 71.522.74 Kg, height 175.42.32). All patients receiving local ultrasound-guided intratendinous PRP injecti on at our institution between September 2014 and December 2016 were screened for eligibility to participate in the study, and 17 patients were ultimately enrolled. projection criteria included five participants with previous injury or diagnoses in hamstring. 8 physically active males (age 22.00.6) with acute hamstring strain injuries and 9 matched controls (age 21.62.8) were recruited as research participants. The case and control groups were performed rehabilitation program included aquatic practise for 8 weeks. The history of pain data and the daily hours of using the smartphones were collected by survey. Furthermore, the procedures were explained to the subjects and their written signatures were obtained on the informed consent.2.2. Platelet rich plasma preparation and injectionIn accordance of GPSTM III Systems instruction the blood collected for PRP was active by (Biomet Biologics, Inc., Warsaw, Ind) and standard 60 ml GPSTM III kit. Approximately of 7 ml of PRP was prepared in 30 minutes. Furthermore, single 3 ml of extracted PRP were injected under ultrasound gaudiness after adding 8.4% sodium bicarbonate buffered PRP for increasing the pH to normal physiological levels. The sodium was added in a ratio 0.05 ml to 1 ml of PRP. All the participants blood samples were stored in -25 Celsius and were analyzed to determine the concentration of the growth factors.The PRP injection of the current study were injected directly into the injured area under aseptic technique. The case group participants and received the single autologous PRP combined with the rehabilitation program. The participants were kept under observation for 96 hours and were performed the rehabilitation program after 5-7 days of PRP injection. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture at standardized time points before (baseline) and 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours to 4wks. and 8wks. after administration of PRP. blood was drawn at precisely the same time each morning and at least 3 hours afte r eating and exercising per WADA standardsFigure 3. PRP set up.2.3. Growth Factor QuantificationSix growth factors and related molecules that are concentrated in PRP preparations were quantified in PRP and blood by direct immunoassay using the Quantikine enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA kit), as defined the Growth factors studied were human growth endocrine (hGH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), basic fibro blast growth factor (bFGF or FGF-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and platelet-derived growth factor- BB (PDGF-BB). Because bFGF is present in the blood only at very low concentrations, a high-sensitivity ELISA kit was used to ensure accurate detection 34 35 5.Figure 4. PRP injection under ultrasound guidance.2.4. Rehabilitation programA Physical rehabilitation program was performed for six weeks and designed for lower limb. In particular, hamstring muscles. both groups participants (8 case and 9 control) performed the exercises protocol once a day for 55 minutes for each training posing and 5 times a week (275 M. / week). The exercise protocol was consisted of aquatic exercise and strength exercises and was divided to tree stages, the first stage was focused on the flexibility and isotonic strength exercise with 5 sets and 12-15 1RM intensity. While, the second stage was designed for strength exercises with 3 sets and 8-10 1RM intensity. While the third stage for endurance and exercise related of activity performance. Aquatic pool, Machine weights and The Thera-Band resistance bands exercises were used during the 6 weeks especially the colors (red, blue, black, silver). The red and blue bands were used in the first stage and the black and silver used in second stage. Furthermore, all the exercises were performed by reach the band between 75 100 %. knowing that, the weight of stretching in Thera-Band between 75-100% is red 3.3-3.9kg, blue 5.9-7.1kg, black 8.1-9.7, and sil ver 11.1-13.2kg.2.5. Statistical AnalysisThe paired t-test was used to compare the collected data before playing the exercise protocol (Pre-test) and those which were obtained after the 6 and 8-weeks training period (Post-test). The differences between the samples were significant at the t = 1.740 p 0.05 level. All the analyses were performed by using SPSS 21 software for Windows 7 (SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA). Additionally, all values within the text and table are observed as standard deviation and mean (mean SD).3. ResultsTable 2, 3 illustrate the large variations in growth factor concentrations between participants in the two groups before and after PRP injection. Regarding growth factor (GF) trajectories for the case group participants are shown in Figure 3, and data are summarized in Table 2, the human growth hormone increased dramatically within the first 24 hours after PRP injection while these results were not significant after the 4 weeks and 8 weeks. Moreover, IGF-1 inc reased relative to baseline within 24 hours after PRP and remained elevated at all-time points thereafter, and the change was statistically at 24 until 96 hours as well after 4 weeks and 8 weeks. Likewise, VEGF and PDGF were significantly elevated at 24 hours and at all-time points thereafter and were significant after 4 and 8 weeks. Furthermore, FGF-2 rose at the point between 24 to 96 hours after PRP injection but not significantly, while it was elevated significantly after 4 week and 8 weeks.It obviously represented in table 3, the spectacular significantly difference between the growth factors results of the case group after 4 weeks compared with the 8 weeks result of the control group. Additionally, Figure 6, reveals the same significant results between the two groups after the 8 weeks. Nevertheless, the physical measurements related with hamstring Strain and Knee flexion range of motion between the two groups were not significant after 4 weeks or 8 weeks.Table 1. Data Summary for the Growth Factors after PRP Injectionaunit Pre-test24 h48 h72 h96 h4 weeks8 weekshGH pg/mLpg/mLpg/mL1.927 0.678.117 2.4142.276 0.0302.776 0.1805.597 1.9102.321 0.5542.175 0.651IGF-1pg/mL0.5770.2831.078 0.9141.1010.3411.122 0.2391.133 0.1650.817 0.8440.793 0.141FGF-2pg/mL2.233 1.222.105 0.7722.292 0.7361.911 0.2012.314 0.8773.652 0.5673.921 0.822VEGFpg/mL0.346 0.181.313 0.421.544 0.4631.836 0.4631.554 0.4190.784 0.0980.749 0.077PDGFpg/mL0.3520.110.884 0.9491.7021.5721.602 2.0211.262 1.4230.856 0.1080.807 0.133aPRP, platelet-rich plasma hGH, human growth hormone IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-1 FGF-2, basic fibroblast growth factor VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor.Table 2. Difference of the Growth Factors concentration between the Case and restraint groupCase Group (N=8) conquer Group (N = 9)UnitPre-test4 weeks8 weeksPre-test4 weeks8 weeksP 0.05hGH pg/mLpg/mLpg/mL1.927 0.672.321 0.5542.175 0.6511. 941 0.2011.997 0.0882.063 0.4771.215IGF-1pg/mL0.5770.2830.817 0.8440. 793 0.1410.582 0.2470.633 0.1450.637 0.1141.760 *FGF-2pg/mL2.233 1.223.452 0.5673.921 0.8222.228 0.7212.593 0.6872.627 0.5142.046 *VEGFpg/mL0.346 0.1840.784 0.0980.749 0.0770.341 0.1630.384 0.1870.396 0.1062.584 *PDGFpg/mL0.3520.1170.856 0.1080.807 0.1330.358 0.1210.421 0.6330.429 0.0082.632 *PRP, platelet-rich plasma hGH, human growth hormone IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-1 FGF-2, basic fibroblast growth factor VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor N, Number * Significant difference P 0.05, t =1.740 (N= 17).Table 3. Difference of Hamstring Force and Knee Flexion (ROM) between the Case and hold back groupCase Group (N=8)Control Group (N = 9)UnitPre-test4 weeks8 weeksPre-test4 weeks8 weeksP 0.05HFN26.62 4.67104.32 5.67107.061.6425.31 3.41102.71 4.75105.75 3.180.743KF(ROM)Deg. 51.72 5.17147.92 0.43148.62 0.7852.04 2.43147.02 0.14147.36 0.880.632aPRP, platelet-rich plasma HF, Hamstring Force KF(ROM), Knee Flexion range of motion. N, Number. P 0.05, t =1.740 (N= 17).4. Discussion There is little published evidence to support whether a statistically significant increase in growth factors with performance-enhancing potential, including IGF-1, hGH VEGF, PDGF and FGF-2, necessarily leads to clinically relevant ergogenic effects. This is further complicated by evidence from some animal studies that local IGF-1 overexpression enhances local muscle mass and strength without systemic increases in IGF-1. The current study aims to determine the effect of PRP in accelerate the healing of hamstring strain. Moreover, to identify potential molecular markers that could be used to distinguish athletes who have been treated with local PRP injections from those who have not.Figure 5, The concentration of the growth factors after the PRP injection. PRP, platelet-rich plasma hGH, human growth hormone IGF-1, insulin-like growth facto r-1 FGF-2, basic fibroblast growth factor VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor.The performance of the growth factors after a single PRP injection was enhanced and increased significantly from 24 until 96 hours. Indeed, hGH was peaked within the 24-hour window, although the results were not significant after 4 weeks or 8 weeks. Similarly, IGF-1 is significantly increased by 24 until 96 hours after PRP, while its activation was decreased after 4 weeks and 8 weeks but with significantly difference compared with the pretest and the control group 8 weeks test. Furthermore, IGF-1 is generated in the liver in response to hGH, is the primary downstream mediator of hGH, and is the most specific marker of supraphysiological hGH exposure 36 37.Figure 6. Difference between the case and control group in the concentration of the Growth Factors after 8 weeks. hGH, human growth hormone IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor-1 FGF-2, basic fibroblast growth factor VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor.Despite that both groups performed the same rehabilitation program, our study reported a significant increase in the growth factors for the control group after 4 and 8 weeks (Table 3, figure 6). However, the values of the case group after 4 weeks for the case group were more advanced than the 8 weeks values of the controlled (Figure 7,8). Therefore, the PRP injection enhanced the concentration of the growth. It is notably that the physical measurements of hamstring force and knee flexion range of motion were not significant at either 4 or 8 weeks. Wallace et al demonstrated that an acute bout of exercise increases total circulating IGF-1 by only about 20% 38 9.Figure 7, Difference between the case and control group in (NFROM) Knee flexion range of motion after 8 weeks.Figure 8, Difference between the case and control group in (HF) Hamstring Force after 8 weeks. By comparison, participants in case group who treated with PRP and exercise program. Our study demonstrated a 38% increase in IGF-1 in case group and 9.5% in control group. Relative to baseline, suggesting that PRP manipulation activates the hGH-IGF-1 pathway but that a single PRP injection is important to combined with the exercise to maximally stimulate. 39 9 (Table 3) (Figure 6). We also observed FGF-2 and VEGF also peaked after sermon with PRP. Fibroblast growth factor contributes to angiogenesis by stimulating the proliferation of endothelial cells to enhance the proliferation of satellite cells, which are the stem cells of mature muscle 40. Basic fibroblast growth factor may enhance athletic performance by inducing muscle hyper- trophy and increasing oxygen transport. Vascular endothelial growth factor is a tendinous stimulator of angiogenesis and could have noteworthy performance-enhancing effects if it entered systemic circulation and exerted its effects in tissues other than the site of injury 41.The potential e ffects of autologous biological substances to hasten muscle healing were reported in several case reports 34 42 43. Borrione et al 34 noted that athletes with grade 3 muscle strains treated with PRP showed earlier functional improvement and more complete recovery than those treated nonoperatively. Hamid et al 44 demonstrated that a single PRP injection was effective in accelerating recovery for grade 2. However, the PRP Group achieved full recovery significantly earlier than controls and returned to play after 27 days while control group returned after 43 days. Another approach successfully treated an athlete with a grade 2 semimembranosus muscle injury with a single 3-mL infiltration of platelet-enriched plasma under ultrasound guidance. The athlete was pain vacate and allowed to train at the preinjury intensity 21 days after treatment 45. The effect of a preparation rich in growth factors (PRGF) to hasten muscle recovery was reported in a 35-year-old professional bodybuilder diag nosed with a right adductor longus rupture. The athlete successfully returned to competitive training within 1 week after the third PRGF injection 43. The effect of PRP in accelerated and associated a hamstring injury was also observed in the current study. The PRP preparation contained a high concentration of several growth factors including TGF-b, FGF-2, and insulin-like growth factor-1, but the amount of platelets and WBCs present was not stated. Additionally, the actual effect of PRP on soft tissue healing is not fully understood,22 our findings supported the possible role of higher growth factors (concentration level) in hastening recovery as postulated by previous researchers 46 47 42. Sanchez et al reported full functional recovery of hamstring and adductor muscle injuries 2 times faster in 20 professional athletes treated with a PRGF 24.Similar designed study by Rettig et al was investigated the effects of an autologous PRP injection and was retrospective case-control study conducted to determine the effect of the PRP on return time to play after acute hamstring injuries. The study included 10 professional National Football League (NFL) players with acute hamstring injury. The participants were divided equally into PRP and Control groups. Under ultrasound guidance the PRP group patients were injected once with 6 mL of PRP. Both groups were performed the same rehabilitation program. Several differences were identified between the study by Rettig et al and the current study. For instance, the