Describe and Evaluate Two Theories for the Maintenance of Relationships Essay

Social commuting theories exist in various forms but the underlying theme is that good deal whitethorn be selfish. Social substitute theories argue pile whitethorn view bloods in a cyberspace or loss way. Thibaut & Kelley believed community will look to see how rewarding a relationship is and and then how much it costs to be in the relationship. If there is a profit left over (rewards costs = profit) then that whitethorn encourage them to enshroud the relationship where as if there is a loss this may go them to end the relationship.Blau argued that interactions atomic number 18 expensive, as they take time, energy and perpetration and may involve unpleasant emotions and experiences. Therefore what we get out of a relationship must exceed what goes in. Walster et al believed that affectionate interactions involve an diversify of rewards, like affection, information, status. The degree of attraction or liking reflects how people respect the rewards they receive in rel ative to those given. raft is therefore an economic speculation explaining relationships in terms of maximising benefits and minimising costs. The Social substitution is the mutual exchange of rewards between better halfs like friendship, sex and the costs of world in the relationship may be freedoms given up, time, effort. A person may off their assessment of their rewards by using twain coincidences The comparison level (CL) where rewards are compared to costs to judge profits.This may be based on historical experiences and relationships as well as what we expect to get from a relationship. The comparison level for alternative relationships (CLalt) Where rewards and costs are compared against perceived alternative relationships and how they compare. A relationship is maintained if profit is perceived in both these two comparisons.Thibaut & Kelley proposed a four-stage model setting how relationships could be maintained, predicting that over time people develop a predicta ble and mutually beneficial pattern of exchanges assisting the upkeep of relationships Sampling Rewards and costs are assessed in a number of relationships dicker A relationship is costed out and sources of profit and loss are place Commitment Relationship is established and maintained by predictable exchange of rewards Institutionalisation Interactions are established and the couple settle down.Mills et al identified two kinds of intimate relationships (a) The communal couple where each partner gives out of concern for the other and (b) The Exchange couple who keep affable records of who is ahead and who is behind. This indicates that there are different types of relationships and SET may consecrate to some of them but not universally to all. Rusbult asked participants to complete questionnaires over a 7-month period concerning rewards and costs and found that SET did not explain the beforehand(predicate) honeymoon phase of the relationship when balance of exchanges was ig nored. except later on relationship costs were compared with degree of satisfaction which suggests that the theory is best utilize to the maintenance of relationships. Rusbult found that costs and rewards from a relationship were weighed up in comparison to possible alternative relationships when deciding whether they should be maintained which supports that social exchange models idea that people assess rewards by making comparisons.However a third element of investment (Commitment) was also a grammatical constituent in this in which people compared how much they had invested into the relationship and what they stood to lose which SET does not fully recognise suggesting it does not explain much(prenominal) things. Rusbults enthronement model looks at this however and better explains this. Hatfield looked at people who entangle over or under-benefited. The under-benefitted entangle angry and deprived while the over-benefited felt guilty and uncomfortable.This supports SET the ory by suggesting that regardless of whether individuals benefitted, they do not wish to maintain a relationship which is unfair. Equity Theory may better explain this however and how it may that that theory is better worthy to explain such as if, as SET proposes, it is all virtually profit then surely when people detect they are over-benefiting they are more inclined to maintain the relationship. Rubin believed that although people are not fundamentally selfish attitudes towards others are determined to a large extent by how rewarding we think they are for us supporting the theory.Argyle criticised methodologies that treasure SET as beingness contrived and artificial with little relevancy to real life relationships. Sedikides claimed that people are capable of being exclusively unselfish in relationships and do things for others without expecting anything in return which is most unambiguous in relationships with those emotionally close to us. Sedikides believed that indiv iduals could bolster their partners self-esteem when faced with failures or stress and therefore SETs theory of humans being out for what they thunder mug get is simplistic and inaccurate.Fromm argued against the theory also present that true love was about giving as opposed to misguided love where people expect to have favours returned. Most research has tended to deoxidise on short-term consequences of relationships rather than the long-term maintenance and what drives them. This theory may apply to those that keep score. Mustein et al devised the exchange orientation tool, identifying such scorekeepers who are suspicious and insecure suggesting that the theory only suits relationships lacking authority and mutual trust.Equity Theory Equity does not mean comparability instead it perceives individuals as motivated to achieve fairness in relationships and to feel dissatisfied with inequity (unfairness). Definitions of equity within a relationship can differ between individuals . Maintenance of relationships occurs through balance and stability. Relationships where individuals put in more than they receive or receive more than they put in are inequitable, leading to dissatisfaction and possible dissolution.The recognition of inequity within a relationship presents a chance for a relationship to be save that is, maintained further by making adjustments so that there is a return to equity. Relationships may alternate between periods of perceived balance and imbalance, with individuals being motivated to return to a state of equity. The great the perceived imbalance, the greater the efforts to realign the relationship, so long as a chance of doing so is perceived to be viable.