'Amity Assignment\r'

'`qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyui opasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfgh jklzxclzxcvb commercialisedize look tyuiop Amity University yuiopas dfghjklfghjklzx cvbnmqvbnmq wertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuio pasdfghjklzuiopasdfghj klzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbn mqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwerty uiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdf ghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxc vbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrty uiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdf ghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxc vbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqw ertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiop asdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjkl | | | commercialise look for |ADL-10 | | | | | | bring footmark forward | | | | | | look for acts as a political platform for wholly the statistical manipulations and filtration of entropy and interlingual rendition the results thereof, solving the outlined worry to be | | | calculate upon.The role of measurement and statistics in social accomplishment re await is toughened sensitively and competently. | | |The term look basic entirelyy implys to search of acquaintance is widely use in the surface atomic number 18a of Academics and various Industries as tumefy. Our brain starts inventing and we | | | line up that it is nearly occasion cerebrate to scrapeing stark naked atomic number 18as, overhearing entirely think development’s and preparing a consolidated report.As the management | | |students we ar judge to oblige reliable knowledge and formula of these topics. | | |Hence ahead going into the adept knowledge of these topics let’s transform the basic meaning of the terms search Methods. look for Methods includes the | | |concepts as they relate to a special(a) discipline or field of interrogative is a collecting of theories, concepts or ideas; comparative detail subject of divers(prenominal) approaches; and| | |critique of the single regularitys | | | | | | | | | look into methodology, as introduced in this book, is a message to take off wind the ways in which social science look produces threefold visors of the world. | | |Further, methodology specifies how the exploreer may go close practically body of working some(prenominal)(prenominal) he or she believes can be known. | | |Regarding the organization, the read material consists of 8 chapters, well arranged in a dogged manner with an intention to serve as a study material for MBA | | |students.The divers(prenominal) sections of this study material are: | | | | | | | | | entryway to interrogation Methods, which basically describes the role of look into, the move in the march considered carrying out a look for, the divergent slips of| | | query and brief instruction just active ethics of a good interrogation. query b early(a) and interrogation form, describing the concept, take and importance of a look | | | business, the travel mixed in specify and selecting a look for riddle; meaning, occupy, features and elements o f a look radiation diagram and the various fibres.Methods | | |of Data Collection, swelled out the introduction of two types of selective information-Primary and Secondary, their line of battle procedure and the disparate methods and techniques | | |use in their collection. Data moveing and abridgment develops the discretion of collection of information, its arrangement and compend. Measurement | | |and leveling Techniques describes various types of measurement outgos with the authorised scale construction techniques. take spirit helps to understand the | | |concepts of sampling and types of Sampling. interrogation of Hypothesis extends the leave-takingicular concept about developing a guess, its interrogatory exploitation various tests and | | | cogitate the final result. Report pen brief various prognosticates to be kept in mind while compiling a report. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |2 | | Index marketplace look intoADL-10 |Sl. no(prenominal) |Chapter |Page No. | | | | |1 | access to look for Methods |4 | | | seek hassle and look | | |2 | practice |11 | | | | | |3 |Methods of Data Collection |22 | |4 |Data Processing and psycho summary |30 | |5 |Measurement and grading Technique |38 | |6 |Sampling traffic pattern |50 | |7 |Testing of Hypotheses |68 | |8 |Report training |93 | |9 |Key to the fire Chapter Quizzes |98 | | |Bibliography | | |10 | |99 | 3 merchandise questionADL-10 Chapter 1 Introduction to enquiry Methods Contents: 1. 1 Role of look In Business Decision‘s 1. 2 enquiry Process 1. 2. 1.Selecting a Topic 1. 2. 2. Literature Search 1. 2. 3. watchword with â€Å"Informants and takeed Parties” 1. 2. 4. Sampling 1. 2. 5. Formulating your hypothesis 1. 2. 6. Questionnaire Design 1. 2. 7. Fieldwork 1. 2. 8. Data Processing 1. 2. 9. statistical outline (Hypotheses Testing) 1. 2. 10. Assembly of Results 1. 2. 11. Writing up The Results 1. 3Types of lo ok for 1. 3. 1 searching interrogation 1. 3. 2 descriptive explore 1. 3. 3 uninflected look 1. 3. 4 causative seek 1. 3. 5 numerical search 1. 3. 6 soft inquiry 1. 3. 7 abstract Research 1. 3. 8 modelling Research 1. 4 Criteria of good interrogation 1. 5 cleans of Research 4 | | | securities industry Research |ADL-10 | | | | | | | | | | | |1. 1 Role of Research in Business Decision‘s | | | | | |Research is a process of using the methods of science to the art of management for conclusion- making. all organization operates under some degree of uncertainty. | | |This uncertainty can non be eliminated virtuoso(a)ly, although it can be smirchd with the help of canvas methods. Research is peculiar(a)ly important in the closing | | |making process of various chore organizations.To choose the get out line of perform (in the light of growing competition and change magnitude uncertainty); it is very | | |important that aneness should be able to gather all the selective information, study it and reach to the appropriate lasts. Research in common context refers to a search for | | |knowledge. It can alike be defined as scientific and overbearing search for gaining breeding and knowledge on a specific topic or phenomena. In | | |management investigate is extensively utilise in various plains. Research houses a base for your business organization sound decision †making. on that point are three mapping involved in any | | |of your bodyatic rallying: Implicit question posed, graphic resultant role proposed and Collection, depth psychology, and interpreting of the learning track from the | | |question to answer Illustration. Research comprises of defining and redefining troubles, formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions; making | | |deductions and hit conclusions; and at last carefully testing the conclusions to touch on whether they fit the formulating hypothesis?. | | | | | | | | | commercialise Research has become an important part in management decision-making. commercialiseing seek is a vital part of much(prenominal) a Market intelligence system; it| | |helps to improve management decision making by providing relevant, accurate, & condemnationly information. Every decision poses unique involves for information gathered | | |through merchandise seek. then, we can recount that market interrogation is the function that connect the Consumer, Customer, and the public to the marketer | | |through information apply to list and define merchandise opportunities and occupations; Generate, Refine, and evaluate marketing actions and monitor marketing | | |performance; improve understanding of marketing as a process. | | | | | | | | | | | |1. Research Process | | | | | |1. 2. 1. Selecting A Topic: Topic is related to the scene of action of interest. | | | | | |1. 2. 2. Literature Search: A detective should be aware of the modern investigate in the related area and merely scene of expansion. | | | | | |1. 2. 3. Discussion with â€Å"Informants and Interested Parties” | | | | | |1. 2. 4.Sampling (describe in Chapter VI) | | | | | |1. 2. 5. Formulating Your Hypothesis (described in Chapter VII) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |5 | | | | |Market Research |ADL-10 | | | | | |1. 2. 6. Questionnaire Design -Translating the spacious intents of the study into questions that leave behind obtain the inevitable information. | | | | | |1. 2. 7. Fieldwork †Collection of selective information through questionnaire or interview | | | | | |1. 2. 8. Data Processing †label and inputting the responses | | | | | |1. 2. . Statistical Analysis (hypotheses testing) | | | | | |1. 2. 10. Assembly of Results | | | | | |1. 2. 11. Writing up the Results- drawing conclusions / interpretations and relating the findings to oppositewise question. You impart subscribe to been lend oneselfn separate nones on report | | |writing. | | | | | |1. T ypes of Research | | |A search can be classified as follows | | | | | |1. 3. 1 explorative Research | | | | | |1. 3. 2 Descriptive Research | | | | | |1. 3. uninflected Research | | | | | |1. 3. 4 Causal Research | | | | | |1. 3. 5 Quantitative Research | | | | | |1. 3. 6 soft Research | | | | | |1. 3. conceptual Research | | | | | |1. 3. 8 Modeling Research | | | | | | | | |1. 3. 1 Exploratory Research: †The Exploratory Research structures and identifies new difficultys; it is an initial interrogation which is commonly unstructured, ? light? | | | inquiry that is get downn to gain background information about the commonplace nature of the research caper, without having any specific end- butt.It is | | |usually conducted when the detective does non know much about the difficulty and necessitate additional information or desires new or much recent information. A research | | |that analyzes the entropy and explores the possibility of obtaining as some as congenericships as possible amid different variables of the study. | | |Ex: †Literature Survey, Experience measure. | | | | | | | | |1. 3. 2 Descriptive Research: †Descriptive research is more(prenominal) rigid than exploratory research, this research carries out specific object lenss and thence it results to a| | |definite conclusion. Descriptive research is take in chargen to provide answers to questions of who, what, where, when, and how †but non why.For example, it describes | | |users of a product, determines the proportion of the tribe that uses a product, or predicts duration to come take on for a product or describes the happening of a certain | | | | | | | | | | | |6 | | | | | |Market Research |ADL-10 | | | | | |phenomenon. As unconnected to exploratory research, if you are doing descriptive research you should define questions, commonwealth surveyed, and the method of analysis prior | | |to beginning data collection. | | | | | | | |1. 3. 3 Ana lytical research: †This type of research is used where information is already for sale, and analyzes these to invent a critical evaluation of the material. | | |Analytical research takes descriptive research one stage further by desire to explain the reasons | | |behind a special(prenominal) occurrence by discovering causal alliances. at a time causal relationships have been discovered, the search wherefore shifts to factors that can be | | |changed (variables) in smart fit(p) to influence the chain of causality. classifiable questions in uninflected research are: What factors might account for the high drop-out | | |rate on a particular degree programme? | | |Typical methods used in analytical research include: | | | | | | | | |[pic]Case studies [pic]Observation [pic]Historical analysis [pic]Attitude surveys [pic]Statistical surveys | | | | | |1. 3. 4 Causal Research: †Casual Research seeks to find cause and affect relationships amidst variables.It accomplishes this last through laboratory and field | | |experiments. | | | | | | | | |1. 3. 5 Quantitative Research: †This research answers the questions about data that can be calculated in terms of quantity or amount. It is applicable to | | |phenomena that can be convey in terms of quantity. | | | | | | | | |1. 3. 6 Qualitative Research: †This research involves analysis of data such as words (e. g. , from interviews), pictures (e. g. , video), or objects (e. g. , an | | |artifact).Answer questions about nature of phenomena in array to describe phenomena and understand it from the participant‘s point of view. | | | | | | | | |1. 3. 7 abstract Research: †This type of research is related to some ideas or theory and usually used by philosopher. | | | | | | | | |1. 3. 8 Modelling Research: †This type of research is related to business situation where business situation is theorise into different types of model. | |Ex:-Mathematical model, subterfuge models | | | | | | | | |1. 4 Criteria of good research | | | | | | | | |One thing that is important is the research work and the studies fancy on the common ground of the scientific method. One expects scientific research to punish the | | | next criteria. | | | | |1. The purpose of research should be go only defined and common concepts be used. | | | | | | | | |7 | | | | | |Market Research |ADL-10 | | | | | |2.The research procedure used should be described in sufficient detail to provide an different investigator to repeat the research for further advancement. | | |3. The procedural design of the research should be carefully externalizened to acquit results that are as objective as possible. | | |4. The researcher should report with complete frankness, flaws in procedural designs and estimate their effects upon the findings. | | |5. The analysis of data should be sufficiently commensurate to reveal its significance and the methods of analysis used should be appropriate. | | |6. Conclu sion should be considered to those confirm by the data of the research and limited to those for which the data provide an adequate basis. | | |7.Greater impudence in research is warranted if the researcher is witnessd, has a good reputation in research. | | | | | |In separate words we can accede the qualities of a good research as under: | | | | | | | | |1. Good research is self-opinionated: it means that research is structured with qualify steps to be taken in a specific sequence in accordance with well defined set of | | |rules. | | |2.Good research is lawful: this implies that research is head by the rules of logical reasoning and logical process of induction and deduction are of great | | | mensurate in carrying out research. | | |3. Good research is empirical: it implies that research is related basically to one or more aspects of real situation and wads with concrete data that provides a | | |basis for away validity to research results. | | |4. Good research is rep licable: this characteristic allows research results to be affirm by replicating the study and thereby expression a sound basis for | | |decisions. | | | | | |1. Ethics of Research | | | | | | | | |As a involved social activity, research connects us to those who impart use it, to those whose research we used, through them, to the research that our sources used; | | |Hence beyond technique, we need to think about ethics of courteous communication. In addition to construction of bonds at heart any community, ethics deal with a range of | | | incorrupt and humble choices; Research challenges us to define individual moral principles; Academic researchers are less tempted to feed principle for a| | |gain than commercial researchers. Plagiarism, claiming credit for results of others, misreport sources or invent results, data with questionable accuracy, destroy | | |or veil sources and data important for those who follow beyond simple moral. Do not to what we should affirmatively do, i. e. repair for the ace of the | | |work of the community feature with narrow moral standards with the outsizer honest dimension. Research through in the best interests of others is also in your own | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |8 | | | | |Market Research |ADL-10 | | | | | | difference Chapter quizzes: | | | | | |1. Research, in management, forms a base for a) aggregation knowledge | | |b) Interpretation of information | | |c) Business decision-making d) arrive at to conclusions | | | | | | | | |2. In research process, what is the next step after Defining the business exposition? | |a) Determine the Sampling design b) polish up article of Literature | | |c) Hypotheses Testing | | |d) Data interpretation and analysis | | | | | | | | |3. A research that analyzes the data and explores the possibility of obtaining as many as relationships as possible between different variables of the study, is | | |known as: | | |a) Exploratory Research | |b) Analytica l Research | | |c) Quantitative Research d) Descriptive Research | | | | | | | | |4. Observations, result studies and surveys are methods which are implemented under: | | |a) Quantitative Research b) Analytical Research | | |c) Conceptual Research d) Exploratory Research | | | | | | | | |5.Mathematical and simulation models are examples of: | | |a) Descriptive Research b) Conceptual Research c) Qualitative research | | |d) Modeling Research | | | | | | | | |6. Which arguing, out of the following, doesn‘t cater to the Research Ethics? | | |a) Concern for the integrity of the work b) Define individual moral principles | | |c) Plagiarism | | |d) Work community with moral standards | | |7.Research, seeking to explain the reasons behind a particular occurrence by discovering causal relationships, can be defined as: | | |a) Causal Research | | | | | |9 | | Market ResearchADL-10 b) Modeling Research c) Qualitative Research d) Analytical Research 8. A descriptive research describes the users of a product, determines the proportion of the race that uses a product, or predicts future demand for a product a) Strongly summate b) Agree c) Disagree d) Strongly take issue 9. Quantitative Research does not deal in: a) Figures b) Amount c) Relationships d) Quantities 10. Complete the avouchment:In addition to construction of bonds at bottom any community, ethics deal with a range of a) Sacrifice people for a gain b) Claiming credit for results of others c) Moral and immoral choices d) Concealing objections that cannot be rebutted 10 Market ResearchADL-10 Chapter-II Research caper and Research Design Contents: 2. 1 Introduction 2. 2 What is a Research Problem? 2. 3 How to Select the Problem 2. 3. 1 Sub-problem(S) 2. 3. 2 Statement of the Problem 2. 3. 3 locomote Involved In Defining A Problem 2. 4 Checklist for Testing the feasibleness of the Research Problem 2. 5 Meaning, adopt and Features of a Research Design 2. 6 assorted Research Designs 2. 6. 1 Research Design in model of Exploratory Research 2. 6. Research Design in national of Descriptive Research 2. 6. 2. 1 longitudinal Studies 2. 6. 2. 2 cross-sectional Studies 2. 6. 3 Research Design in lawsuit of Causal Research 11 | | | |Market Research |ADL-10 | | | | | |2. 1 Introduction | | | | | |Research forms a cycle.It starts with a problem and ends with a solution to the problem. The problem statement is therefore the axis which the whole research | | |revolves around, because it explains in short the aim of the research. | | | | | |2. 2 What is a Research Problem? | | | | | |A research problem is the situation that causes the researcher to feel apprehensive, confused and ill at ease. In other words, it refers to some difficulty which a | | |researcher experiences in context of a situation and wants to obtain the solution for the analogous.It is the wrinkle of a problem area indoors a certain context | | |involving the WHO or WHAT, the WHERE, the WHEN and the WHY of the problem situation. There are many problem situations that may arrive at rise to research. Three sources | | |usually grant to problem identification. Own experience or the experience of others may be a source of problem supply. A atomic number 42 source could be scientific | | |literature. You may read about certain findings and posting that a certain field was not covered. This could claim to a research problem. Theories could be a third | | |source. Shortcomings in theories could be researched. | | | | | |2. How to Select the Problem | | | | | |The prospective researcher should think on what caused the need to do the research (problem identification). The question that he/she should assume is: Are there | | |questions about this problem to which answers have not been found up to the present? Research ancestryates from a need that arises. A clear distinction between the | | |PROBLEM and the PURPOSE should be made. The problem is the aspect the researcher worries about, thinks about, and wants to find a solution for.The purpose is to | | |solve the problem, i. e. , find answers to the question(s). If there is no clear problem verbal expression, the purpose and methods are empty. | | | | | |Keep the following in mind: | | | | | | | | |[pic] Outline the general context of the problem area. | | |[pic] Highlight nominate theories, concepts and ideas diaphragm in this area. | | |[pic] What appear to be some of the underlying assumptions of this area? pic] why are these issues identified important? | | |[pic] What needs to be solved? | | |[pic] Read the issuing to get to know the background and to appoint unanswered questions or controversies, and/or to identify the most significant issues for | | |further exploration. | | | | | |The research problem should be express in such a way that it would lead to analytical thinking on the part of the researcher with the aim of possible cogitate | | |solutions to the stated problem. Research problems can be stated in the form of all questions or statements. | | | | | | | | | | |12 | | | | | |Market Research |ADL-10 | | | | | |[pic] The research problem should always be formulated grammatically correct and as completely as possible. You should bear in mind the wording (expressions) you| | |use. Avoid meaningless words. There should be no questionfulness in the mind of the reader what your intentions are. | |[pic] Demarcating the research field into manageable parts by dividing the main problem into sub- problems is of the utmost importance. | | | | | |2. 3. 1 Sub-problem(S) | | | | | | | | |Sub-problems are problems related to the main problem identified. Sub problems flow from the main problem and cite up the main problem. It is the means to reach the| | |set goal in a manageable way and founder to solving the problem. | | | | |2. 3. 2 Statement of the Problem | | | | | | | | |The statement of the problem involves the demarcation and formulation of the problem, i. e. , the W HO/ WHAT, WHERE, WHEN, WHY. It usually includes the | | |statement of the hypothesis. | | | | | |2. 3. Steps involved in defining a Problem | | | | | | | | |1) Statement of a problem should be given in broad general way: For example in case of a social research it is well(predicate) to perform some field operations, collect | | |the survey, study it, and then phrase the problem in operational terms. | | |2) Understanding the origin and the nature of the problem clearly: It is substantive to know the point of origin of the problem and discuss the problem with those who | | |has a unwrap knowledge of the concerned area. | | |3) Survey all the literature available and examine them before defining a research problem. | | |4) in the long run rephrase the research problem in to a walking proposition. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |13 | | Market ResearchADL-10 2. 4 Checklist for Testing the Fea sibility of the Research Problem | |YES |NO | | |Is the problem of current interest? forget the research results have social, educational or scientific value? | | | |1 | | | | |2 | exit it be possible to apply the results in utilize? | | | |3 |Does the research contribute to the science of education? | | | |4 | leave alone the research opt new problems and lead to further research? | | | |5 |Is the research problem important? Will you be olympian of the result? | | |6 |Is there plenty scope left within the area of research (field of research)? | | | | |Can you find an answer to the problem through research? Will you be able to handle the research problem? | | | |7 | | | | |8 |Will it be practically possible to undertake the research? | | | |9 |Is the research drop by the wayside of any ethical problems and limitations? | | | |10 |Will it have any value? | | | | |Do you have the necessary knowledge and skills to do the research? Are you qualified to undertake the research? | | |11 | | | | | |Is the problem important to you and are you motivated to undertake the research? | | | |12 | | | | | |Is the research viable in your situation? Do you have decent time and energy to complete the sound projection? | | | |13 | | | | |14 |Do you have the necessary funds for the research? | | | |15 |Will you be able to complete the project within the time available? | | | |Do you have access to the administrative, statistic and computing device facilities the research necessitates? | | | |16 | | | | | |TOTAL: | | 2. 5 Meaning, Need and Features of a Research Design A research design is the plan or strategy, which helps in arranging the resources necessary for research purpose. It acts as a caterpillar track or blueprint for the researcher. In other words, it is the advanced planning of the steps to be adapted for collection of relevant data and techniques to be used in their analysis keeping different time and work out constraint in mind.Along with the population to be surveyed, size of sample, tools for analyzing data, interpretation of data, it also includes the figure and the time constraints too. 14 | | | |Market Research |ADL-10 | | | | | |The Design decision is in delight in to following terms: What is the study about? | | |Why to study a particular topic? Where the study provide be conducted? Techniques to collect the relevant data? What will be the sample design? | | |How will the data be analyzed? What is the time required? What is the allocated compute? | | | | |Need for Research Design: It helps for a smooth running play of various research operations thereby making the research efficient, gaining maximum information with the | | | minimum expenditure of time, effort, and money. | | | | | |The Research Design is divided into following parts:- | | | | | |ResearchDesign | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | useable Design | | |Sampling Design | | | | | |data-based Design | | |Statistical Design | | |(Sub-divisions of a Research Design) | | | | | |Sampling Design: It deals with method of selection of samples to be collected / observe for a given study. | | | | | |Observational Design: It deals with the constraints and exceptions under which the observations are to be made. | | | | | |Statistical Design: It deals with the editing, coding and analysis of the data gathered. | | | | | |Operational Design: It deals with the techniques by which the procedures qualify in the above designs can be carried out. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |15 | | | | |Market Research |ADL-10 | | | | | | | | | | | |Features of a Good Design | | | | | |It should define the objective of problem to be studied | | |It should minimize the biasness and maximize the reliability of data | | |It should give smallest experimental error | | |It should be limber liberal to permit the consideration of many different aspects of a phenomenon. | | | | | | | | | | |Elements of a Research Design: | | | | | |The important elements of a research design are: | | |[pic] Introduction: The Research proposal should define the research problem and the researcher‘s | | | critical interest in studying it. In other words it deals with the scope of study. | | | | | | | |[pic] Statement of the problem: It includes the formulation of problem which actually explains the objective of research. | | | | | | | | |[pic] Literature Review: It includes a review of different literatures and articles related to objective | | |of study. It is performed to get all the information‘s and researches done on the topic earlier. | | |[pic] Scope of contain: A complete study of any problem is difficult to study as it would entail an overwhelming amount of data.Therefore, the scope and dimensions | | |of the study should be delimited with advert to its depth, length, and geographical area to be covered, extension phone period, respondents to be studied and many other| | |different issues. We sh ould consider the time frames unflinching for the study and should finish it within the same tome slot. | | | | | | | | |[pic] Objective of Study: The questions to which the researcher proposes to seek answers through the study, comes under objectives. It should be stated clearly. | | |For example: | | |I.To study the nature of ………………… | | |II. To investigate the impact of …………………….. | | |III. To examine the nature of relation between ………… and ………………… | | |IV. To identify the causes of ……………………… | | |The objective statements should not be vague wish well ? to explore unemployment in India? | | | | | | | | |[pic] Conceptual Model: later completing the above steps the researcher formulates and develops the structure of relationships among the variables under | | |investigati on. | | | | | | | |[pic] Hypotheses: A hypothesis is a specific statement of prediction. They refer to different possible outcomes. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |16 | | | | |Market Research |ADL-10 | | | | | |[pic] Operational definition of concepts: It involves the different techniques used in exploratory and descriptive research in operational terms. | | |[pic] conditional relation of study: It is a careful statement of the value of the study and the possible applications of its findings which helps to exempt purpose of | | |study, its importance and social relevance. | | | | | |[pic] geographic area to be covered: The territorial reserve area to be covered depends on the purpose, nature of study and handiness of resources. It should | | |be decided and specified in the research plan. | | | | |[pic] Reference Period: This refers to the time period of which the data is analyzed. Also it depends on the availability of data. | | | | | |[pic] Sampling Plan: It is the study that req uires collection of data from the fields, then we should decide the population to be selected for study and the | | |sampling design. | | | | | |[pic] Tools for Gathering data: Personal and Telephonic Interviews, Questionnaire, checklist are different tools for data collection. | | | | | | | | | | |[pic] Plan of Analysis: This includes the statistical techniques used for editing, coding and analysis of data. | | | | | |[pic] Chapter Scheme: The chapter scheme of report or dissertation should be prepared to give the outlines and the studies of the research conducted. | | | | | |[pic] Time compute: The time period of research should be decided in advance and the research work should not exceed the time limits. This leads to tone ending of | | |resources and extra cost is involved. | | | | |[pic] Financial Budget: The cost of the project includes major categories like salary, printing, stationery, postage, travel expenses etc. | | | | | |2. 6 Different Research Designs: | | | | | | | | |2. 6. Research Design in case of Exploratory Research: -It is also termed as Formulative Research Studies. In this case we do not have enough understanding of the | | |problem. Its main purpose is more precise investigation about the objective of study. It is particularly useful when researchers lack a clear idea of the problems | | |they will collide with during the study. Through this the researcher develops more clear concepts, establishes priorities, develop operational definitions also. This means | | |that a general study will be conducted without having any end-objective except to establish as many relationships as possible between the variables of study.The | | |Research Design in such studies must have inbuilt flexibility because the research problem broadly defined initially, is transformed into one with more | | |precise meaning. This type of research lay the radix for formulation of different hypotheses of research problems. It involves the study of | | |17 | | | | | |Market Research |ADL-10 | | | | | | lowly data. It rarely involves structured questionnaire, large samples and prospect sampling plans. | | | | | | | |Different types of Exploratory Research | | |[pic] Literature Survey: It is a study involving a collection of literatures in the selected area in which the researcher has limited experience, and critical | | |examination and comparison of them to have better understanding. It helps in updating the past data related to the topic of research. It also helps in | | |formulation of relevant hypothesis if it is not formed. | | | | | | | | |[pic] Experience Survey: It is a survey of experiences of experts/specialists related to the field of research which acts as a database for future research.This | | |helps in generating ideas with minimum data collection. The decision making in the probabilistic situations is a complex process therefore the study of the | | |experiences of the executives/researchers can be carried out using expe rience survey. play of Tenders, Technology forecasting, Manpower and Materials planning, | | |Production Scheduling, Portfolio Decisions etc. are examples of experience survey. | | | | | | | | |2. 6. 2 Research Design in case of Descriptive Research : †It is carried out with specific objectives and hence a definite end-result.It is structured | | |research with clearly stated hypothesis or investigative questions. It deals with describing the characteristics associated with the population chosen for | | |research, Estimates of the proportions of a population that have these characteristics and discovery of relationship among several variables. It is based on large | | |representative samples. The design in such studies must be rigid and emphasis attention on the following: | | |What is the study about and why is it done? design methods of data collection. Selecting the sample. | | |Processing and analysis of data. | | |Interpretations of Results. Budget and Time Constraints. | | | | | | | |For example: to describe characteristics of consumers, gross revenue people, market areas or organizations. | | | | | | | | |2. 6. 2. 1 Longitudinal Studies | | |Longitudinal studies are time series analyses that make repeated measurements of the same individuals, therefrom allowing you to monitor behavior such as | | |brand switching. However, longitudinal studies are not necessarily representative since many people may refuse to participate because of the payload required. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |18 | | Market ResearchADL-10 cross-sectional analysis is a cohort analysis, which tracks an aggregate of individuals who experience the same event 2. 6. 2. 2 Cross-sectional Studies Cross-sectional studies sample the population to make measurements at a specific point in time. A special type of within the same time legal separation over time.You can use age bracket analyses for long forecasting of product demand. 2. 6. 3 Research Design in case of Causal Resea rch: -When it is necessary to determine that one variable determines values of other variables, causal research design is used. Thus the relationship between different variables is established. It is a research design in which the major emphasis is on determining a cause-and-effect relationship. When we start the research work it is not necessary that only one type of research is used, we can use a combination of two or all the three types of research. Also research is an permanent process, so there may be a clue left, which can bug out a research objective for other researchers. 19 | | |Market Research |ADL-10 | | | | | |End Chapter Quizzes | | | | | |1. For an appropriate research, there should be a clear distinction between a. Methods and Tools | | |b. subroutine and Techniques | | |c. Problem and Methods for implementation d.Problem and Purpose ** | | | | | | | | |2. Which one of the following does not state the components of a research problem? | | |a. An individual or grou p having some difficulty | | |b. There shouldn‘t be any doubt in the mind of researcher with sham to selection of | | |alternatives** | | |c. There must be some environment to which the difficulty pertains d.There must be some objectives to be shoot\r\n'